Machitidwe Oyika DzuwaMphamvu Yaikulu Yoyendetsa Tsogolo la Mphamvu Zosinthasintha ku China
Mu kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, makina oyika mphamvu ya dzuwa asintha kuchoka pa zomangamanga zosaoneka bwino kumbuyo kupita ku ukadaulo wapamwamba womwe umatsimikiza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa magetsi a photovoltaic (PV), kukulitsa phindu la makampani onse, ndikutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa gridi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zolinga za "dual carbon" zaku China komanso kupitilizabe utsogoleri wake wapadziko lonse lapansi pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa, kupita patsogolo kupitirira kukula kosavuta kuti akwaniritse bwino, mwanzeru, komanso mosasamala gridi yamagetsi kwakhala nkhani yayikulu pamakampaniwa. Pakati pa mayankho, makina oyika mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi mavutowa ndikupanga makina anzeru amtsogolo.
I. Ntchito ya Dongosolo ndi Mtengo Waukulu: Kuchokera pa “Fixer” kupita pa “Enabler”
Makina oyikapo dzuwaMa s, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati maziko enieni a magetsi a PV, amapangidwa makamaka ndi zitsulo zolimba kwambiri kapena aluminiyamu zopepuka. Ntchito yawo imapitirira kuposa kungomanga ma module a PV mwamphamvu padenga kapena pansi. Amagwira ntchito ngati "chigoba" ndi "zolumikizira" za chomera chamagetsi, kuonetsetsa kuti ma modulewo amakhala otetezeka komanso abwino kwa zaka zambiri pakati pa malo ovuta monga mphepo, mvula, chipale chofewa, ayezi, ndi dzimbiri, komanso amasankha bwino ngodya ndi malo oyenera kuti ma modulewo alandire kuwala kwa dzuwa kudzera mu kapangidwe kake kaukadaulo.
Pakadali pano, njira zamakono zokhazikitsira makina opangira magetsi m'mafakitale akuluakulu amagetsi aku China omwe amaikidwa pansi zikuwonetsa kulinganiza kosinthasintha, ndi makina okhazikika komanso otsatirira omwe amagawana msika mofanana. Makina okhazikika, omwe ali ndi ubwino wosavuta, kulimba, kulimba, komanso ndalama zochepa zoyambira zogulira ndi kukonza, akadali chisankho chosatha pa mapulojekiti ambiri omwe akufuna kubweza ndalama zokhazikika. Koma makina otsatirira, akuyimira njira yapamwamba kwambiri yaukadaulo. Amatsanzira mfundo yotsatira dzuwa ya "mpendadzuwa," yomwe imayang'anira mwachangu kayendedwe ka dzuwa kudzera mu single-axis kapena dual-axis. Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kuwonjezera kwambiri nthawi yopangira mphamvu ya ma PV modules panthawi ya dzuwa lochepa, monga m'mawa kwambiri ndi madzulo, motero kukweza mphamvu yamagetsi yonse ya makinawo ndi 10% mpaka 25%, ndi phindu lalikulu pazachuma.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga magetsi kumeneku kuli ndi phindu lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limadutsa malire a mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana. Kupanga magetsi a PV kumakhala ndi "curve ya bakha" yachilengedwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri mphamvu yake yotulutsa imakhala yozungulira masana, zomwe sizikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi mphamvu yeniyeni ya gridi ndipo zimatha kupanga mphamvu yoyamwa kwambiri panthawi zinazake. Chothandizira chachikulu cha machitidwe otsatirira chili mu kuthekera kwawo "kusuntha" ndi "kutambasula" mphamvu yopangira magetsi ya masana yomwe imafikira pa mphamvu zamagetsi zam'mawa ndi madzulo, ndikupanga mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yosalala komanso yayitali. Izi sizimangochepetsa mphamvu yometa pa gridi ndikuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha "mphamvu ya dzuwa yochepetsedwa" komanso, popereka magetsi ambiri panthawi yamitengo yokwera, zimakweza kwambiri phindu la mkati mwa mapulojekiti a PV. Izi zimapangitsa kuti phindu la malonda likhale lopambana komanso chitetezo cha gridi chikhale cholimba, ndikupanga kuzungulira kwabwino.
II. Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana ndi Zachilengedwe Zamakampani: Kugwirizana Kwatsopano ndi Unyolo Wonse
Kufalikira ndi kuzama kwa msika wa dzuwa ku China kumapereka gawo lalikulu kwambiri la njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito makina oyika. Zochitika zawo zogwiritsira ntchito zakula kuchokera ku mafakitale okhazikika okhazikika pansi ndi makina opangira madenga a mafakitale kupita ku magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo wa anthu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu ndi kuphatikiza: Ma Photovoltaics Ogwirizana ndi Nyumba (BIPV): Kuphatikiza ma module a PV ngati zipangizo zomangira okha kukhala ma facade, makoma a nsalu, makonde, komanso madenga, kusintha nyumba iliyonse kuchoka pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kukhala "prosumer," yomwe ikuyimira njira yofunika kwambiri yokonzanso malo obiriwira mumzinda.
1. Agricultural Photovoltaics (Agri-PV): Kudzera mu mapangidwe apamwamba a zomangamanga, malo okwanira amasungidwa kuti makina akuluakulu a ulimi azigwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yowonjezera ya "kupanga mphamvu zobiriwira pamwamba, kulima kobiriwira pansi." Izi zimatulutsa magetsi oyera pamene zikuteteza chitetezo cha chakudya cha dziko ndikuwonjezera ndalama za alimi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri zinthu zosiyanasiyana za nthaka.
2. Malo Oimika Magalimoto Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ya Dzuwa: Kupanga malo oimika magalimoto a PV pamwamba pa malo oimika magalimoto ndi masukulu mdziko lonselo kumapereka mthunzi ndi pogona magalimoto pomwe kumapanga magetsi obiriwira pamalopo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri m'malo ochitira malonda, mabungwe aboma, ndi malo oimika magalimoto.
3. Kuyandama kwa Madzi (FPV): Kupanga makina apadera oyikamo madzi oyandama m'madzi osungiramo madzi ambiri ku China, nyanja, ndi maiwe a nsomba popanda kutenga malo amtengo wapatali. Njira imeneyi ingachepetse kuuma kwa madzi ndikuletsa kukula kwa algae, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe chikhale ndi ubwino wa "kuthandizana ndi nsomba ndi kuwala" komanso "kupanga magetsi pamadzi."
Kuthandizira njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwinoyi ndikuti China ili ndi unyolo wathunthu komanso wopikisana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wamakampani opanga ma PV, omwe gawo lopanga ma mounting system ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. China sikuti ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga ma mounting system komanso yasamalira mabizinesi ambiri otsogola omwe ali ndi luso la R&D komanso mayankho opangidwa mwamakonda. Kuyambira nyumba zokhazikika zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi mphepo ndi mchenga m'zipululu mpaka makina osinthika otsatirira omwe amapangidwira malo ovuta amapiri, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomangira nyumba zamapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito m'boma lonselo, makampani opanga ma mounting system aku China amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za zochitika zonse komanso misika yapadziko lonse lapansi. Maziko olimba opanga awa si mzati wokhazikika wotsimikizira chitetezo cha mphamvu zadziko komanso kulamulira komanso wapanganso ntchito zambiri zachuma zakomweko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale luso laukadaulo komanso kukweza mafakitale m'magawo ena ofanana.
III. Chiyembekezo cha M'tsogolo: Kusintha Kwachiwiri kwa Luntha ndi Sayansi ya Zipangizo
Poyang'ana patsogolo, kusintha kwamakina oyika mphamvu ya dzuwaZidzalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa digito ndi luntha. Mbadwo wotsatira wa machitidwe otsatira anzeru udzadutsa njira yosavuta yotsatirira pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithm a zakuthambo, kusintha kukhala "mayunitsi anzeru owonera ndi kuchitapo kanthu" a chomera chamagetsi. Adzaphatikiza kwambiri deta ya nyengo yeniyeni, malamulo otumizira ma gridi, ndi zizindikiro zamitengo yamagetsi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ozikidwa pa mitambo kuti akonze bwino padziko lonse lapansi ndikusintha njira zogwirira ntchito kuti apeze mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kupanga magetsi, kusowa kwa zida, ndi kufunikira kwa gridi, potero kukulitsa mtengo wa chomera chamagetsi panthawi yonse ya moyo wake.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha lingaliro la "kupanga zinthu zobiriwira," kuti athetse kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ya zinthu zopangira ndikuchepetsa mpweya m'thupi lonse la chinthucho, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezedwanso, zinthu zophatikizika kwambiri, komanso zinthu zozungulira zozungulira zomwe zimabwezerezedwanso mosavuta popanga makina oyika zinthu zidzawonjezeka nthawi zonse. Kuwunika kwa moyo wa chinthucho kudzakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu, kukankhira unyolo wonse wamakampani kupita ku njira yosamalira chilengedwe komanso yokhazikika.
Mapeto
Mwachidule, makina oyika mphamvu ya dzuwa asintha bwino kuchoka pa "zokonza" kukhala "zowonjezera mphamvu" ndi "ogwirizana ndi gridi" popanga mphamvu ya dzuwa. Kudzera mu luso lamakono lopitilira komanso kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu, akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndikuthandizira kwambiri kuyesetsa kwa China kumanga njira yolimba, yogwira ntchito bwino, komanso yosinthasintha yamagetsi oyera. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ma algorithm anzeru ndi ukadaulo watsopano, gawo looneka ngati loyambira la zida likuyembekezeka kuchita gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu nkhani yayikulu ya kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, kupereka chithandizo cholimba cha tsogolo lobiriwira ku China ndi padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-31-2025