Palibe mayeso a chilengedwedongosolo lothandizira chingwemomwe nyanja imachitira. Pa pulatifomu ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, FPSO, kapena fakitale yopangira zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mlengalenga mumakhala mchere, chinyezi, ndipo nthawi zambiri mumakhala wotentha; zomangamanga zimagwedezeka ndi kusuntha; ndipo zotsatira za chithandizo cha dzimbiri chomwe chalephera pa circuit yamoyo zimayesedwa mu kutayika kwa kupanga ndi chiopsezo cha chitetezo, osati ndalama zokonzera. Shanghai Qinkai Industrial Co., Ltd., wopanga ma thireyi a chingwe ndi makwerero a chingwe a NEMA-standard, akuti mapulojekiti apamadzi ndi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi gawo lomwe limayang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi specifications: ogula kumeneko sapempha "thireyi ya chingwe" - amapempha kalasi ya zinthu, makina ophimba, kalasi ya dzimbiri, ndi zikalata zotsimikizira zonse zitatu.
"M'mphepete mwa nyanja, thireyi ya chingwe nthawi zambiri imakhala chinthu chamagetsi. M'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo cha njira yowononga katundu," kampaniyo idatero m'mawu ake. "Nyanja siikhululukira njira yachidule. Makasitomala athu am'madzi amatchula makina achitsulo chotentha kapena chosapanga dzimbiri okhala ndi deta yofalitsidwa ya katundu, ndipo amafufuza lipoti lophimba asanayang'ane katunduyo."
Chomwe chimapangitsa mlengalenga wa m'nyanja kukhala wosiyana
Mfundo za uinjiniya zimayamba ndi chilengedwe. Mlengalenga wa m'nyanja umagawidwa pakati pa madera owononga kwambiri pa sikelo ya ISO 12944 — gulu la C5-M la madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe ali ndi mchere wambiri, ndipo CX imasungidwa kuti iwonongeke kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Njira zitatu zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka:
Kuyika mchere. Tinthu ta mchere tomwe timatuluka mumlengalenga timakhazikika pa ntchito yachitsulo, ndipo pakakhala chinyezi timapanga electrolyte yoopsa yomwe imaukira zinc ndi chitsulo chimodzimodzi.
Kunyowetsa mozungulira. Nyumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimadutsa m'njira zonyowa-zouma nthawi zonse - kupopera, mvula, kuzizira, ndi chifunga cha mchere - ndipo njira iliyonse imafulumizitsa dzimbiri pa zolakwika zophimba ndi m'mbali mwa zodulidwa.
Kupsinjika kwa kloridi. Ma chloride amalimbana ndi zokutira zomatira ndi chitsulo cha kaboni mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe zinthu zodetsa zamkati zimachitira, ndichifukwa chake makulidwe a zokutira ndi kusankha zinthu, osati nthawi yosinthira utoto, ndizomwe zimasankha moyo wa makina.
Zotsatira zake n'zakuti makina otayira opangidwa ndi magetsi kapena opakidwa utoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zouma alibe malo muzofotokozera zam'madzi. Mapulojekiti amafanana pa chitsulo chotenthetsera choviikidwa m'madzi motsatira EN ISO 1461 kapena ASTM A123, kapena pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri — nthawi zambiri Mtundu 316 — pakakhala kuwonetsedwa kwambiri komanso m'malo omwe zida zimafunikira kukonza kwakanthawi kochepa.
Mapulatifomu okhazikika ndi ma FPSO topsides
Pa nsanja zokhazikika za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo opangira zinthu zoyandama, makina othandizira chingwe ndi makina amitsempha a chinthucho.Zingwe zamagetsizida zoyendetsera chakudya, kupondereza, ndi sitima zopopera; zingwe za zida ndi zowongolera zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zowongolera njira, machitidwe achitetezo, ndi kuzimitsa mwadzidzidzi. Zonsezi zimayenda m'njira zodzaza, zamagawo ambiri kudzera m'magawo apamwamba pomwe malo amagawidwa ndi milimita.
Zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri pa mbali ya pamwamba. Choyamba, mpweya wabwino: malo opangira zinthu amapanga kutentha, ndipo kapangidwe kabwino ka thireyi ndi makwerero abwino kamalola zingwe zolimbikitsidwa kutulutsa kutentha pamene zingwe zonse zikuoneka komanso kuti zizitha kutsatiridwa. Chachiwiri, kukhulupirika kwa makina: makinawo ayenera kusunga katundu wake wovotera pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka nsanja, kugwedezeka kuchokera ku zida zozungulira, ndi kupotoka kwa kapangidwe ka nsanjayo - ndichifukwa chake matebulo olembetsedwa m'lifupi, kutsetsereka kwa chitoliro, ndi malo othandizira ndizofunikira kwambiri osati zosavuta pa kabukhu. Chachitatu, zinthu: chithandizo cha chingwe cha mbali ya pamwamba m'dera la splash ndi malo opangira zinthu zafotokozedwa bwino mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Type 316 kapena chitsulo chotentha choviikidwa m'madzi, kutengera nzeru za wogwiritsa ntchito dzimbiri, ndi zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimakondedwa komwe kukonza kumakhala kovuta kapena komwe makoma ovotera moto ndi kuphulika ayenera kulowa bwino.
Zombo ndi zombo zothandizira za m'mphepete mwa nyanja
Zombo ndi zombo zothandizira za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimawonjezera gawo lina: satifiketi. Makina othandizira mawaya omwe amayikidwa pa zombo zosankhidwa nthawi zambiri amatsatira malamulo a bungwe logawa - DNV, ABS, Lloyd's Register pakati pawo - ndipo kukhazikitsa kuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi zinthu zovomerezeka ndi zojambula. Malo osungira zombo amaphatikizanso kugwedezeka kosalekeza, njira zodutsa m'zipinda zamainjini ndi malo aukadaulo, komanso kufunikira kwa makina omwe angasinthidwe nthawi youma popanda kupanga mwapadera.
Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito ya sitimayo imakonda thireyi yokhomedwa ndi maboliti, yobowoledwa kale komansomakina a makwereroyokhala ndi mipata yonse yolumikizira - ma bend, ma tee, ma cross, ma reducer, ndi ma drop-out units - kotero njira ikhoza kukonzedwanso ndi zida zokhazikika ndi zida zamanja. Miyeso yaying'ono ndi kutalika kwa magawo odziwikiratu ndizofunikira mofanana ndi momwe dzimbiri limagwirira ntchito, chifukwa malo mkati mwa malo aukadaulo a sitimayo ndi ochepa kuposa chomera chilichonse cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja
Mafamu amphepo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja amawonjezera malamulo omwewo a dzimbiri ku gawo lomwe likukula mofulumira. Nsanja, zidutswa zosinthira, ndi malo osinthira a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ali mumlengalenga womwewo wa C5-M monga malo opangira mafuta ndi gasi, koma ndi zofunikira ziwiri zowonjezera: katunduyo alibe anthu, kotero mawindo okonza ndi afupiafupi komanso okwera mtengo, ndipo mawaya - zingwe zapakati pamagetsi, mabwalo otumizira mphamvu, ndi makina owongolera ndi ma SCADA - ayenera kukhala odalirika pa moyo wa kapangidwe ka turbine popanda kulowererapo pafupipafupi.
Zotsatira zake ndi kukonda kwambiri chithandizo cha chingwe chosapanga dzimbiri m'malo okhala ndi nacelle ndi transition-piece, ndi makina otenthetsera otentha omwe amavomerezedwa m'malo osawonekera kwambiri, komanso kasamalidwe ka chingwe komwe kumasunga ma conductors okonzedwa bwino kudzera mkati mwa nsanja zolemera. Pamene mafamu amphepo akusunthira kutali ndi nyanja komanso m'njira zazikulu, ogwiritsa ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira chingwe zamafuta ndi gasi ku gawo lomwe kale linkabwereka ntchito zapanyanja - ogulitsa ma shift akuyang'anitsitsa.
Malo opangira sitima, madoko, ndi mafakitale a m'mphepete mwa nyanja
Si malo onse oyandama a uinjiniya wa panyanja. Malo opangira zombo amamanga ndikukonza zombozo pansi pa mikhalidwe ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja; madoko amagwiritsa ntchito zida zonyamula katundu wolemera, makina ogwiritsira ntchito zidebe, ndi makina opangira magetsi m'mphepete mwa nyanja mumlengalenga wodzaza ndi mchere; mafakitale ochotsa mchere m'madzi ndi malo opangira zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja amagwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi osalekeza mamita kuchokera kunyanja. Malo okhazikika awa a m'mphepete mwa nyanja amagawana njira yowononga madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja popanda bajeti ya zinthu zachilendo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale msika waukulu kwambiri wa makina opangidwa ndi ma galvanized otentha.
Kwa ma crane a gantry a malo osungiramo zombo, ma crane a quay, ndi mapulojekiti amagetsi a padoko,Thireyi ya chingwe cha HDGndipo makina a makwerero motsatira EN ISO 1461 amapereka moyo wofunikira wautumiki pamtengo wochepa poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa zosapanga dzimbiri — bola ngati chophimbacho chili chokhuthala mokwanira, zolumikizirazo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a chophimba monga magawo owongoka, ndipo malekezero odulidwa m'munda amakonzedwa ndi chophimba chokonzanso chokhala ndi zinc yambiri. Kupereka kwa gwero limodzi ndikofunikira apa: pamene zolumikizira, zolumikizira, ndi zothandizira zimachokera ku mzere womwewo wopanga monga thireyi, mtundu wa chophimbacho umakhala wofanana panjira yonse, ndipo malo ofooka omwe amawonekera pa malo osakanikirana ogulitsa amatha.
Kusankha zinthu zoyenera ndi kumaliza
Kwa mainjiniya omwe amafotokoza chithandizo cha chingwe m'malo aliwonse am'madzi, malangizo a Qinkai amachepetsa zisankho zinayi:
Yerekezerani mtundu wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha mtundu wa Type 316 cha malo ophwanyika, malo opangira zinthu, ndi zinthu zopanda anthu komwe kukonza kuli kovuta; gwiritsani ntchito chitsulo chotenthetsera choviikidwa m'madzi motsatira EN ISO 1461 kapena ASTM A123 cha madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mlengalenga; sungani makina opangidwa ndi magetsi ndi utoto kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madzi.
Ganizirani za dzimbiri la galvanic. Pamene chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi aluminiyamu, kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kaboni, zalumikizidwa pamalo odzaza ndi mchere, dzimbiri la bimetallic lingathe kuwononga chitsulo chosalimba. Tchulani zinthu zogwirizana kapena kulekanitsa kotetezedwa pa malo aliwonse olumikizirana, kuphatikizapo zomangira ndi mabulaketi.
Tetezani kudula kulikonse ndi kukanda. Malekezero odulidwa m'munda ndi mabowo obowoledwa ndi komwe dzimbiri la m'nyanja limayambira. Chitetezo cha HDG cha cathodic chimateteza chitsulo pamalo awa, ndipo chophimba chokonzanso chokhala ndi zinc yambiri chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse komwe chophimbacho chawonongeka pamalopo.
Funsani zikalata. Matebulo oyika katundu, malipoti a makulidwe a chophimba, ndi ziphaso za zinthu ndizosiyana pakati pa dongosolo lodziwika bwino ndi njuga. Mu mapulojekiti apamadzi, lipoti la chophimba limawunikidwa mosamala monga momwe thireyi ya chingwe imayendera.
Miyezo yomwe imalamulira chithandizo cha chingwe cha m'madzi
Miyezo ya kufotokozera za thireyi ya chingwe ya m'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi yofanana m'madera osiyanasiyana: IEC 61537 imakhudza zofunikira pa mayeso ndi zizindikiro za thireyi ya chingwe ndi makina a makwerero; EN ISO 1461 ndi ASTM A123 zimalamulira zokutira zotentha zoviika m'madzi; ISO 12944 imatanthauzira magulu a dzimbiri omwe amayendetsa kusankha zinthu; NEMA VE 1 ndi VE 2 zimathandizira machitidwe aku North America; ndipo malamulo a gulu la anthu amawonjezera gawo lina la zombo ndi malo oyandama. Mapulojekiti amafunikira kwambiri kuti zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa zilembedwe pa kutumiza kulikonse - bala lomwe limasefa ogulitsa omwe sangathe kupanga deta yonyamula katundu yothandizidwa ndi mayeso.
Kuyesa kugula
Kapangidwe kake pa gawo lililonse la zamadzi ndi kofanana: mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimasankhidwa ndi mainjiniya a dzimbiri ndi eni ake a katundu asanasankhidwe kontrakitala wamagetsi, ndipo ogulitsa omwe amapambana ndi omwe amatha kulemba kuchuluka kwa zinthu, magwiridwe antchito a zokutira, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu mosazengereza. "Thireyi ya chingwe cha zamadzi imagulidwa kamodzi ndikuyang'aniridwa kwa zaka makumi ambiri," kampaniyo idatero. "Timamanga yathu kotero kuti kuwunika kulikonse kupeze chinthu chomwecho: dongosolo lolembedwa, lochita zomwe mfundozo zidalonjeza."
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-02-2026