Makina Oyika Ma Solar Photovoltaic: Buku Lophunzitsira Kusanthula ndi Kusankha Akatswiri

Makina Oyika Ma Solar Photovoltaic: Buku Lophunzitsira Kusanthula ndi Kusankha Akatswiri

Mu makina opanga magetsi a photovoltaic, ngakhale kuti mapanelo a dzuwa ndiye chinthu chowoneka bwino kwambiri, makina oyika pansi pake ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchitoyo ndi yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika. Makina oyika PV samangothandiza kuteteza ma modules komanso ayenera kusintha momwe zinthu zilili pamwamba pa makinawo ndikutsimikizira kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kusanthula kwakuya kwa kapangidwe kake, njira zosankhira, ndi makhalidwe a mitundu yayikulu ya makina oyika PV.

1. Ntchito ndi Kufunika kwa PVMachitidwe Oyikira

Dongosolo loyika PV (lomwe limadziwikanso kuti dongosolo loyika PV) ndi kapangidwe kachitsulo komwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika ma module a PV pamalo osiyanasiyana (monga madenga kapena pansi). Chinthu chake chachikulu ndi aluminiyamu, mphamvu yolinganiza komanso zofunikira zopepuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yonyamula denga. Ngakhale kuti makina oyika amangotenga pafupifupi 3% ya mtengo wonse wa makina (malinga ndi deta ya NREL), ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza chitetezo ndi kulimba kwa makinawo.

2. Zigawo Zapakati pa Dongosolo Loyikira la PV

Dongosolo lonse loyika PV nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

Kuwala Kosalowa Madzi

Kuyika mabowo padenga kumafuna ma flashing osalowa madzi kuti apewe kutuluka kwa madzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndipo zimayikidwa pansi pa matailosi a phula panthawi yoyika. Pa zipangizo zapadera za denga monga matailosi a dongo, chitsulo, kapena rabala, ma flashing opangidwa mwapadera ndi ofunikira.

Zothandizira

Zomangira ndi zolumikizira zonyamula katundu pakati pa dongosolo ndi denga, zomwe zimateteza kuwala kwa denga pogwiritsa ntchito mabolts. Kuwunika koyamba kwa malo kumafunika musanayike kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi mtunda wa denga zikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuyika.

Njanji

Zimagwira ntchito ngati chigoba chonyamula katundu cha ma module, ma rail amakhazikika molunjika kapena molunjika padenga kudzera m'ma mounts. Kupatula ntchito yawo yothandizira, amapereka njira zoyendetsera ma waya, kukonza chitetezo cha makina ndi kukongola kwake. Kuwonjezera pa njira zachikhalidwe zoyendetsera njanji, pali mapangidwe atsopano monga makina opanda njanji ndi ma shared-rail.

Ma clamp

Ma module amamangiriridwa ku ma rail pogwiritsa ntchito ma mid-clamps ndi ma end-clamps. Ma mid-clamps amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ma modules oyandikana, pomwe ma end-clamps amaikidwa kumapeto kwa array ndipo nthawi zambiri amapereka mphamvu yolimba yotsekera.

3. Makhalidwe Aukadaulo a Mainstream PV Mounting Brands

Okhazikitsa nthawi zambiri amasankha makampani ogwirizana nawo kutengera mtundu wa denga. Mayankho odziwika bwino pamsika ndi awa:

SnapNrack

Kampani yake ya Ultra Rail Roof Mount System, yomwe ili ku California, ili ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Imapereka njira zoyikira pansi komanso makina omangidwira kale, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yogwirira ntchito padenga.

Unirac

Mzere wake wa zinthu umakhudza nyumba ndi malo ogulitsira, oyenera madenga okhazikika, madenga athyathyathya, ndi malo okhazikika pansi. Popeza adatenga nawo gawo m'mapulojekiti opitilira 2.5 miliyoni, ali ndi chidziwitso chambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito.

IronRidge

Podziwika ndi kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake, madenga ake otsetsereka ayesedwa m'malo ovuta kwambiri monga madera a mphepo yamkuntho ku Florida. Kuyambira m'ma 1990, ili ndi ubwino waukadaulo pakuthana ndi mphepo komanso kuteteza dzimbiri.

Kuyika Mwachangu PV ndi EcoFasten

Yang'anani kwambiri pa njira zothetsera madenga apadera:

Madenga achitsulo okhazikika: Gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wolumikizirana wopanda kulowa, wolumikizidwa mwachindunji ku denga, kuchotsa zoopsa zotuluka ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a kukhazikitsa.

Madenga a Matailosi a Dongo/Spanish: Mapangidwe oyika matailosi m'malo mwa matailosi omwe alipo kale komanso oteteza madzi kuti asalowe m'madzi, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zosweka.

Zobwezerezedwanso Zonse za Dziko

Amadziwa bwino njira zotsatirira zinthu zomwe zili pansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsatirira zinthu ziwiri, njirazi zimathandiza kuti ma module azitsatira njira ya dzuwa nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zipangidwe ndi 20-40% poyerekeza ndi njira zokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera mapulojekiti okhala ndi malo okwanira komanso ofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino.

4. Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira paDongosolo LoyikiraKusankha

Kugwirizana kwa Denga: Chosankhacho chiyenera kugwirizana ndi zinthu za padenga (asphalt shingle/chitsulo/matailosi adothi, ndi zina zotero), malo otsetsereka, ndi mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake.

Kapangidwe ka Kuthira Madzi ndi Kutulutsa Madzi: Malo olowera ayenera kutsimikizira kuti pali chisindikizo chapamwamba chothira madzi, pomwe njira zosathira madzi zimafuna kutsimikizira mphamvu yothira madzi ndi kugwirizana kwa denga.

Kusamalira Zingwe: Kapangidwe ka thireyi ya zingwe kophatikizana kumakhudza kuyera kwa makina ndi kukonza mosavuta.

Mphepo ndi Matalala: Ayenera kutsatira malamulo a nyumba zapafupi ndi zofunikira pakupanga kuti azitha kupirira mphepo ndi matalala.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino: Kapangidwe ka modular ndi luso lokonzekera nthaka zisanakhazikitsidwe zimakhudza kwambiri nthawi yomanga.

Mapeto

Popeza ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cholumikiza mayunitsi opanga magetsi ndi kapangidwe ka nyumbayo, kusankha makina oyika ma PV kumakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito m'zaka 25 za moyo wa makinawo. Ndikofunikira kuti eni ake aziika patsogolo okhazikitsa omwe ali ndi luso laukadaulo komanso mgwirizano woyenerera ndi makampani odziwika bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti makina a PV akuphatikizidwa bwino ndi malo omangira nyumbayo kudzera mu njira zomangira zomwe zakonzedwa mwamakonda.

(Nkhaniyi yapangidwa kutengera miyezo yaukadaulo yamakampani a PV ndi zambiri za anthu onse opanga; mayankho enaake amafunika kutsimikiziridwa pambuyo poyang'aniridwa pamalopo.)