Sisitemu zo Gushyira Izuba: Imbaraga z'ingenzi ziyobora ahazaza h'ingufu zihindagurika mu Bushinwa

Sisitemu zo Gushyiramo Izuba: Imbaraga z'ingenzi ziyobora ahazaza h'ingufu zihindagurika mu Bushinwa

Mu gihe cy’impinduka zikomeye mu bijyanye n’ingufu, sisitemu zo gushyiraho imirasire y’izuba zavuye ku nyubako zidafite ishingiro inyuma zijya ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rigena imikorere myiza y’inganda z’amashanyarazi zikoresha photovoltaic (PV), rikongera agaciro k’inganda zose, kandi rigatuma imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ihora ihagaze neza. Bitewe n’iterambere ry’intego z’Ubushinwa zo “gukoresha karubone ebyiri” no gukomeza kuyobora ku isi hose mu gukoresha imirasire y’izuba, kurenza kwaguka mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo tugere ku mikorere myiza, ubuhanga, kandi ikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi akoresha imirasire y’izuba byabaye ikibazo cy’ingenzi ku nganda. Mu bisubizo, sisitemu zo gushyiraho imirasire y’izuba ni igice cy’ingenzi mu gukemura ibi bibazo no gushyiraho sisitemu y’ingufu nziza mu gihe kizaza.

I. Imikorere ya sisitemu n'akamaro k'ingamba: Kuva kuri "Fixer" kugeza kuri "Enabler"

Sisitemu yo gushyiramo imirasire y'izubas, zikora nk'ishingiro ry'inganda z'amashanyarazi za PV, ahanini zikozwe mu byuma bikomeye cyangwa aluminiyumu yoroheje. Inshingano zazo zirenze gusa gufata neza module za PV ku bisenge cyangwa ku butaka. Zikora nk' "amagufwa" n' "ingingo" z'inganda z'amashanyarazi, zigenzura ko module ziguma mu mutekano mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo mu bidukikije bikomeye nk'umuyaga, imvura, urubura, urubura, na ingese, ahubwo zinagena neza inguni nziza n'icyerekezo cy'inganda kugira ngo zibone urumuri rw'izuba binyuze mu gushushanya neza.

Muri iki gihe, imiterere ya tekiniki yo gushyiraho sisitemu zo gushyiramo ingufu mu nganda nini z’amashanyarazi zo mu Bushinwa zishyirwa hasi igaragaza uburinganire buhamye, aho sisitemu zo guhindagurika n’izo gukurikirana zisangira isoko kimwe. Sisitemu zo guhindagurika, hamwe n’inyungu zazo zo koroshya imiterere, gukomera, kuramba, n’ishoramari rito ry’ibanze n’ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga, ziracyari amahitamo adashira ku mishinga myinshi iharanira inyungu ihamye. Sisitemu zo gukurikirana, ku rundi ruhande, zigaragaza icyerekezo cy’ikoranabuhanga giteye imbere. Zigana ihame ry’izuba ryitwa “indabyo z’izuba,” zigakurikirana mu buryo bugaragara ingendo z’izuba binyuze mu guhindagurika kw’umurongo umwe cyangwa ibiri. Iri koranabuhanga rishobora kongera cyane igihe cyo gutanga ingufu za PV modules mu bihe by’izuba rike, nko mu gitondo cya kare na nimugoroba, bityo zikongera umusaruro w’amashanyarazi muri sisitemu ho 10% kugeza kuri 25%, hamwe n’inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu.

Uku kwiyongera k'amashanyarazi bifite agaciro gakomeye cyane karenze imipaka y'imishinga imwe n'imwe. Gutanga amashanyarazi ya PV bifite "umuyoboro w'amazi" karemano, aho umusaruro wayo ukunze kuba mwinshi ahagana saa sita z'amanywa, ibyo bikaba bitajya bihura neza n'umuvuduko nyawo w'amashanyarazi kandi bishobora no guteza igitutu gikomeye cyo kwinjiza umuriro mu bihe runaka. Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'uburyo bwo gukurikirana amashanyarazi ruri mu bushobozi bwazo bwo "guhindura" no "kwagura" igitutu cy'amashanyarazi ya saa sita kijya ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa mu gitondo na nimugoroba, bigatuma ingufu zisohoka neza kandi ziramba. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa igitutu cy'amashanyarazi yogosha ku muvuduko w'amazi kandi bigabanya cyane ibyago byo "gutakaza ingufu z'izuba" ahubwo nanone, binyuze mu gutanga amashanyarazi menshi mu gihe cy'ibiciro biri hejuru, birushaho kunoza cyane igipimo cy'inyungu z'imishinga ya PV. Ibi bituma habaho agaciro k'ubucuruzi n'umutekano w'amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho uruhererekane rwiza.

II. Imikoreshereze itandukanye n'ibidukikije by'inganda: Guhanga udushya no guhuza ibikorwa byuzuye

Ubugari n'ubujyakuzimu bw'isoko ry'izuba mu Bushinwa bitanga intera nini cyane yo guhanga udushya mu gushyiraho sisitemu zo gushyiramo. Uburyo bwo gukoresha izi ngufu bwagiye buva ku nganda zisanzwe zikoresha ingufu zishyirwa ku butaka n'inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo ku gisenge kugeza ku bice bitandukanye by'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, bigaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rwo gutandukanya no guhuza: Gushyiramo ingufu zikomoka ku nyubako (BIPV): Gushyiramo ibikoresho bya PV nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ubwabyo mu marembo y'imbere, inkuta z'amarido, balkoni, ndetse n'ibisenge, bihindura buri nyubako kuva ku gukoresha ingufu gusa ikajya ku "prosumer", ihagarariye inzira y'ingenzi yo kuvugurura ibidukikije mu mijyi.

1. Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zo mu buhinzi (Agri-PV): Binyuze mu miterere mishya y'inyubako, haboneka umwanya uhagije wo gukora imashini nini z'ubuhinzi, bigahuza neza uburyo bwo “gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka ku bidukikije hejuru, guhinga ibidukikije munsi.” Ibi bitanga amashanyarazi meza mu gihe birinda umutekano w'ibiribwa by'igihugu kandi byongera inyungu z'abahinzi, bigatuma habaho ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka mu buryo bunoze cyane.

2. Ibibuga by'imodoka bikoresha imirasire y'izuba: Kubaka ibibuga by'imodoka bikoresha imirasire y'izuba hejuru y'aho imodoka ziparika imodoka n'ibigo by'amashuri hirya no hino mu gihugu bitanga igicucu n'aho zicumbikira imodoka mu gihe bitanga amashanyarazi ahumanya ibidukikije aho hantu, bigatuma biba amahitamo meza ku nyubako z'ubucuruzi, ibigo bya leta, n'inganda.

3. Gukoresha imashini zitunganya amazi zigenda mu mazi (FPV): Guteza imbere uburyo bwihariye bwo gushyiramo amazi mu bigega byinshi byo mu Bushinwa, ibiyaga n'ibidendezi by'amafi hatabayeho gufata ubutaka bw'agaciro. Ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya amazi ahinduka mu kirere no kubuza gukura kw'ibimera, bigatuma habaho inyungu mu bidukikije zo "kuzuzanya kw'amafi n'urumuri" no "gutanga ingufu ku mazi."

Gushyigikira iyi gahunda igezweho ni uko Ubushinwa bufite uruhererekane rw’inganda za PV rwuzuye kandi ruhanganye kurusha izindi ku isi, aho urwego rw’inganda zikora porogaramu zo gushyiraho ibikoresho ari igice cy’ingenzi. Ubushinwa si ubwa mbere bukora porogaramu zo gushyiraho ibikoresho gusa ku isi, ahubwo bwanafashije ibigo byinshi bikomeye bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ndetse n’ibisubizo byihariye. Kuva ku nyubako zihamye zirwanya umuyaga n’umucanga zo mu butayu kugeza ku buryo bworoshye bwo gukurikirana ibikoresho byakozwe ku butaka bugoye bw’imisozi, ndetse n’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byo gushyiraho ibikoresho byo mu ngo zo mu karere kose, ibigo by’inganda zo gushyiraho ibikoresho byo gushyiraho ibikoresho byo mu Bushinwa bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by’ibintu byose n’amasoko mpuzamahanga. Uru rufatiro rukomeye rw’inganda ntabwo ari inkingi ikomeye yo kwemeza umutekano w’ingufu z’igihugu no kuzigenzura, ahubwo rwanahangiye imirimo myinshi mu bukungu bw’igihugu, rukomeza guteza imbere udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kuvugurura inganda mu nzego zijyanye nabyo.

III. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Iterambere ry'ubuhanga n'ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho bibiri

Urebye imbere, iterambere ryasisitemu zo gushyiramo imirasire y'izubabizahuzwa cyane no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga n'ubwenge. Itsinda ritaha rya sisitemu zo gukurikirana zifite ubwenge rizarenga gukurikirana bishingiye kuri algorithm yoroshye y'inyenyeri, rihinduke "ibice by'ubwenge byo kumva no gushyira mu bikorwa" by'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi. Bazahuza cyane amakuru y'ikirere mu gihe nyacyo, amabwiriza yo kohereza grid, n'ibimenyetso by'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gukoresha, bakoresheje algorithms zishingiye ku bicu kugira ngo hakorwe neza ku isi hose kandi bahindure ingamba z'imikorere kugira ngo haboneke uburinganire bwiza hagati yo gutanga amashanyarazi, gusaza kw'ibikoresho, n'ubukene bw'urukuta, bityo bikongere agaciro k'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bwarwo.

Mu gihe kimwe, bitewe n'igitekerezo cy'"inganda zikoresha ibidukikije," kugira ngo hakemurwe ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo no kugabanya cyane ingaruka za karuboni mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bw'ibicuruzwa, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ibikoresho bikomeye cyane, hamwe n'ibyuma bya aluminiyumu byoroshye kongera gukoreshwa mu gukora sisitemu zo gushyiramo bizakomeza kwiyongera. Isuzuma ry'ubuzima rizaba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gushushanya ibicuruzwa, rigasunika uruhererekane rw'inganda zose mu cyerekezo kitangiza ibidukikije kandi kirambye.

Umwanzuro

Muri make, sisitemu zo gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba zahindutse neza kuva ku "bihindura" gusa zikaba "ibifasha kongera imikorere" n' "abafatanya bikorwa b'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi" mu gutanga ingufu z'izuba. Binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kwagura ikoreshwa ryazo, zigira uruhare runini mu bikorwa by'Ubushinwa byo kubaka sisitemu y'ingufu zisukuye kandi zihamye. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho mu buryo bw'ubwenge n'ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'ibikoresho, iki gice gisa n'icy'ibanze cy'ibikoresho kigomba kugira uruhare runini mu nkuru ikomeye y'impinduramatwara y'ingufu ku isi, gitanga inkunga ikomeye ku hazaza heza h'ibidukikije mu Bushinwa no ku isi.