Imiyoboro y'icyumani ingenzi mu nganda z'ubwubatsi n'inganda, zizwiho ubuhanga bwazo n'imbaraga zazo. Zimeze nka "C" cyangwa "U", izi ngingo z'imiterere zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye kuva ku nyubako kugeza ku nkuta zishyigikira imitako. Gusobanukirwa imbaraga z'imiyoboro y'ibyuma ni ingenzi ku bahanga mu by'ubwubatsi, abubatsi, n'abubatsi mu gihe cyo gushushanya inyubako zisaba kuramba no guhagarara.
Imbaraga zaumuyoboro w'icyumaIgenwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo imiterere y'ibikoresho byayo, ingano, n'imitwaro yihariye yagenewe kwihanganira. Icyuma, nk'igikoresho, kizwiho imbaraga zacyo zo gukomera, bigatuma gishobora kwihanganira imbaraga nini kitarinze kwangirika. Ubusanzwe imbaraga z'icyuma cyo mu bwubatsi ziba hagati ya 250 MPa na 350 MPa, bitewe n'urwego rw'icyuma gikoreshwa. Ibi bivuze ko umuyoboro w'icyuma ushobora kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye mu gihe ukomeza imiterere yawo.
Ingano y'umuyoboro w'icyuma igira uruhare runini mu mbaraga zawo. Imiyoboro iza mu bunini butandukanye, ifite ubugari, uburebure n'ubunini butandukanye. Igihe cyo guhagarara ni igipimo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'ikintu mu guhagarara kandi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kumenya uburemere bw'umuyoboro ushobora kwihanganira. Uko igihe cyo guhagarara ari kinini, ni ko umuyoboro uba ukomeye kandi ushobora kwihanganira guhagarara munsi y'umutwaro. Abahanga mu by'imashini bakunze kuvuga ku mbonerahamwe zisanzwe zitanga imiterere y'ingano zitandukanye z'umuyoboro w'icyuma, bigatuma bashobora guhitamo umuyoboro ukwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye.
Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwaumuyoboro w'icyumaiterwa ingaruka n'icyerekezo cyayo n'ubwoko bw'umutwaro ikorerwaho. Iyo umuyoboro werekeje uhagaze, ushobora gushyigikira neza imitwaro y'umurongo, mu gihe icyerekezo kitambitse kiba cyiza mu kurwanya ibihe byo kunama. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bw'umutwaro, waba udahinduka (uhoraho) cyangwa uhindagurika (uhinduka), nabyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umuyoboro. Urugero, umuyoboro w'icyuma ukoreshwa mu kiraro ugomba kuba waragenewe kwihanganira imitwaro y'imodoka idahinduka, mu gihe umuyoboro ukoreshwa mu nyubako ushobora gushyigikira imitwaro idahinduka.
Imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n'imbaraga zayo n'uburyo ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Mu bwubatsi, ikoreshwa nk'imigozi, inkingi, n'udukingirizo kugira ngo itange inkunga ikenewe ku nyubako. Mu nganda, ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora imashini n'ibikoresho. Yoroshye kuyisudira, kuyihambiraho imigozi, cyangwa kuyiteraho imigozi, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku mishinga myinshi.
Nubwo imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikomeye, nayo ishobora kwangirika, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma imiterere yayo igabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Kugira ngo ibi birwanywe, imiyoboro myinshi y'ibyuma iterwa umuti urinda cyangwa ikozwe mu byuma bikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, ibyo bikaba byongera ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kumara igihe kirekire cyo kuyikora. Kuyibungabunga no kuyigenzura buri gihe ni ngombwa kugira ngo imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikomeze gukomera no gukora neza mu gihe cyose cyo kuyikora.
Muri make,imiyoboro y'icyumani imiterere ikomeye cyane ifite uruhare runini mu nganda zitandukanye. Ingufu zayo ziterwa n'imiterere y'ibikoresho, ingano, n'imiterere y'imizigo. Mu gusobanukirwa ibi bintu, abahanga n'abubatsi bashobora gukoresha neza imiyoboro y'ibyuma kugira ngo bakore inyubako zizewe kandi zirambye. Haba mu bwubatsi, mu nganda, cyangwa mu zindi porogaramu, imbaraga z'imiyoboro y'ibyuma zituma iba igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubuhanga bugezweho.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-08-2025