Sisitemu zo Gushyiraho Ingufu z'Izuba: Isesengura ry'Umwuga n'Ubuyobozi bwo Guhitamo

Sisitemu zo Gushyiraho Ingufu z'Izuba: Isesengura ry'Umwuga n'Ubuyobozi bwo Guhitamo

Mu buryo bwo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka kuri photovoltaic, nubwo panels z'izuba ari zo zigaragara cyane, uburyo bwo gushyiraho munsi yazo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imikorere yazo ikomeze kandi itekanye. Uburyo bwo gushyiraho PV ntibufasha gusa mu kurinda modules, ahubwo bugomba no guhuza n'imiterere y'ubuso butandukanye kandi bugatanga icyizere cy'igihe kirekire. Iyi nkuru itanga isesengura ryimbitse ry'imiterere, ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo, n'imiterere y'ibirango by'ingenzi bya sisitemu zo gushyiraho PV.

1. Akamaro n'Imikorere ya PVSisitemu zo Gushyiraho

Sisitemu yo gushyiraho PV (izwi kandi nka sisitemu yo gushyiraho PV) ni icyuma gikoreshwa mu gusana neza module za PV ku buso butandukanye (nk'ibisenge cyangwa hasi). Ibikoresho byayo by'ibanze ni aluminiyumu, imbaraga zo kuringaniza n'ibikenewe byoroheje, bigatuma ikwiriye cyane cyane mu bihe bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara igisenge. Nubwo sisitemu zo gushyiraho zitwara hafi 3% by'ikiguzi cyose cya sisitemu (nk'uko amakuru ya NREL abigaragaza), ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mutekano no kuramba kwa sisitemu.

2. Ibice by'ingenzi bya sisitemu yo gushyiramo PV

Sisitemu yuzuye yo gushyiraho PV isanzwe igizwe n'ibi bikurikira:

Imurika ritazi amazi

Gushyiramo ibisenge bisaba amatara adapfa amazi kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi ava. Ibi bikunze gukorwa mu mabati ya aluminiyumu kandi bigashyirwa munsi y’amabati ya asphalt mu gihe cyo gushyiraho. Ku bikoresho byihariye byo gusakara nk'amatafari y'ibumba, ibyuma, cyangwa rabha, amatara yagenewe umuntu ku giti cye ni ngombwa.

Ibikoresho byo gushyigikira

Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo imizigo ni byo bihuza imizigo hagati ya sisitemu n'igisenge, bikinga urumuri rw'ibisenge by'igisenge hakoreshejwe bolts. Isuzuma ry'ibanze ry'aho biherereye ni ngombwa mbere yo gushyiraho kugira ngo hemezwe ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo n'intera y'ibisenge byujuje ibisabwa mu gushyiraho.

Inzira za gari ya moshi

Ikoreshwa nk'icyuma gitwara imizigo muri izi module, imiyoboro ishyirwa ku gisenge ihagaze cyangwa itambitse binyuze mu miyoboro. Uretse inshingano zayo zo gushyigikira, itanga imiyoboro yo gucunga insinga, kunoza umutekano wa sisitemu no kunoza ubwiza bwayo. Uretse ibisubizo bisanzwe bya gari ya moshi, hariho imiterere mishya nka sisitemu zidafite gari ya moshi na sisitemu zikoreshwa mu miyoboro ihuriweho.

Ibikoresho byo gupfuka

Modules zihambirwa ku miyoboro hakoreshejwe clamps zo hagati n'izifunga. Clamps zo hagati zikoreshwa hagati ya modules zegeranye, mu gihe clamps zo hagati zishyirwa ku mpera z'umurongo kandi akenshi zitanga imbaraga zikomeye zo gufunga.

3. Ibiranga tekiniki by'ibirango byo gushyiramo PV bikurura

Abashyiramo ibikoresho bakunze guhitamo ibirango by'abafatanyabikorwa bashingiye ku bwoko bw'igisenge. Ibi bikurikira ni ibisubizo by'ingenzi ku isoko:

SnapNrack

Isosiyete ifite icyicaro muri California, Ultra Rail Roof Mount System ifite imiterere igezweho yo gushyiramo ibikoresho kugira ngo irusheho kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho. Itanga ibisubizo byo gushyira ibikoresho hasi n’ibikoresho byateguwe mbere, bigabanya cyane igihe cyo gukora ku gisenge.

Unirac

Ibicuruzwa byayo bikubiyemo ibintu bijyanye n'amazu n'ubucuruzi, bikwiranye n'ibisenge binini, ibisenge birambuye, n'ibikoresho bishyirwa hasi. Kubera ko yitabiriye imishinga irenga miliyoni 2.5, ifite uburambe bwinshi mu kuyikoresha.

IronRidge

Izwi cyane kubera imbaraga zayo z’inyubako, uburyo bwayo bwo gupfuka ibisenge byageragejwe mu turere dukomeye cyane nko mu turere tw’inkubi y’umuyaga muri Florida. Yatangiye gukora kuva mu myaka ya 1990, ifite inyungu mu bya tekiniki mu kurwanya umuyaga no kurinda ingese.

PV yo gushyira vuba na EcoFasten

Ibanze ku bisubizo ku bisenge byihariye:

Ibisenge by'icyuma bihagaze: Koresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga ridafite aho rijya, rifatanye neza n'imigozi y'igisenge, rikuraho ibyago byo kuva amazi no kunoza imikorere y'inyubako.

Ibisenge by'amatafari by'ibumba/Espagne: Hari ibikoresho byo gusimbuza amatafari bisimbura amatafari asanzwe mu gihe binashyiramo uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi, birinda kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byoroshye.

Ibikoresho Bishobora Kuvugururwa Byose

Yibanda ku buryo bwo gukurikirana ibintu bushyirwa ku butaka. Ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo bubiri, izi sisitemu zituma modules zikurikira inzira y'izuba mu buryo nyabwo, zikongera ingufu ku kigero cya 20-40% ugereranije na sisitemu zidahinduka, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu mishinga ifite umwanya uhagije kandi yibanda ku mikorere myiza.

4. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho kuriSisitemu yo GushyirahoGuhitamo

Guhuza igisenge: Amahitamo agomba kuba ajyanye n'ibikoresho by'igisenge (icyuma cya asphalt/icyuma/amatafari y'ibumba, nibindi), uburebure, n'ubushobozi bw'inyubako.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyo Gukingira Amazi no Gukuraho Imiyoboro: Imiterere y'ibikoresho byinjira mu mazi igomba kwemeza ko bifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo gufunga amazi, mu gihe ibisubizo bidashyira mu mazi bisaba kwemeza imbaraga zo gufunga no guhuza igisenge.

Imicungire y'Insinga: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'agasanduku k'insinga gihuza bigira ingaruka ku isuku ya sisitemu no koroshya kubungabunga.

Imitwaro y'umuyaga n'urubura: Igomba kubahiriza amategeko y'inyubako zo mu gace n'ibisabwa mu miterere kugira ngo irinde umuyaga n'urubura.

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho neza: Igishushanyo mbonera cya modular n'ubushobozi bwo guteranya ubutaka mbere yo kubaka bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gihe cyo kubaka.

Umwanzuro

Nk'isano ry'ingenzi rihuza ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi n'inyubako, guhitamo sisitemu yo gushyiraho PV bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mutekano w'imikorere n'umusaruro w'imikorere mu gihe cy'imyaka 25 y'ubuzima bwa sisitemu. Ni byiza ko ba nyir'ibikoresho bashyira imbere abashyiraho ibikoresho bafite ubushobozi bwo gushushanya umwuga n'ubufatanye bwujuje ibisabwa n'ibigo byemewe, bigamije guhuza neza sisitemu ya PV n'ibidukikije by'inyubako binyuze mu buryo bwo gushyiraho ibikoresho byihariye.

(Iyi nkuru yakusanyijwe hashingiwe ku mahame ngenderwaho y’inganda za PV n’amakuru rusange y’abakora; ibisubizo byihariye bisaba kugenwa nyuma yo gusuzuma aho bakorera.)