Ibyuma bitanga imirasire y'izubaByabaye inkingi y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, bikoresha ingufu z'izuba mu gutanga amashanyarazi. Ariko se ni iki kiri mu gikoresho cy'izuba gituma gishobora guhindura imirasire y'izuba mo ingufu zikoreshwa? Gusobanukirwa ibice bigize agakoresho k'izuba bifasha gusobanura neza ikoranabuhanga kandi bigashyira ahagaragara akamaro karyo mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Mu mutima w'imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba hari uturemangingo twa photovoltaic (PV), ubusanzwe dukozwe muri silikoni. Silisikoni ni ibikoresho bya semiconductor byinjiza imirasire y'izuba bikayihindura amashanyarazi. Utu turemangingo dutondetse mu buryo bw'urusobe rw'amazi kandi ni wo murimo w'ingenzi w'imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Iyo imirasire y'izuba igeze ku mashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, itera imbaraga electron, bigatuma habaho umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Iyi nzira yitwa ingaruka ya photovoltaic.
Uretse utunyangingo tw’izuba,paneli z'izubaIrimo ibindi bintu byinshi by'ingenzi. Ishusho y'inyuma isanzwe ikozwe muri polymeri iramba kandi itanga uburinzi ku turemangingo. Ishusho y'imbere isanzwe ikorwa mu kirahuri gishyushye, ikarinda uturemangingo ibintu bidukikije mu gihe izuba ritanyuramo. Ikirahuri gikunze gutwikirwa n'agapira kadatuma urumuri rugaragara neza kugira ngo urumuri rurusheho kwinjiza neza.
Ibyuma bikoresha imirasire y'izuba kandi bifite agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gashyiramo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kandi kakageza amashanyarazi yakozwe kuri inverter. Inverter ni ingenzi kuko ihindura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukomoka kuri iyo mirasire y'izuba mo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi usimburana (AC), imiterere y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu ngo no mu bigo by'ubucuruzi.
Igishushanyo cyapanel y'izubaUbusanzwe ikorwa muri aluminiyumu, itanga inkunga y’inyubako kandi yoroshya kuyishyiraho. Ibi bice bikorana kugira ngo bifate urumuri rw’izuba kandi biruhinduremo ingufu zisukuye kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, bigatuma imirasire y’izuba iba igice cy’ingenzi cy’ibisubizo by’ingufu zirambye. Gusobanukirwa imiterere y’imirasire y’izuba ntibigaragaza gusa imiterere yayo, ahubwo binagaragaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhindura imiterere y’ingufu zacu.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Mata 2025