Masisitimu Ekugadzika Kwezuva: Simba Guru Rinosimudzira Remangwana reSimba Rinochinjika reChina
Mukushanduka kukuru kwesimba, masisitimu ekuisa simba rezuva akashanduka kubva pakuvaka zvinhu zvisingazivikanwe kumashure kuenda kune tekinoroji yemazuva ano inosarudza kushanda zvakanaka kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zve photovoltaic (PV), inowedzera kukosha kweindasitiri yese, uye inoita kuti grid igare zvakanaka. Nekufambira mberi kwezvinangwa zveChina zve "dual carbon" uye hutungamiriri hwayo hwepasi rose musimba remagetsi ezuva, kupfuura kuwedzera kuri nyore kuti uwane simba remagetsi rezuva rinoshanda zvakanaka, rakangwara, uye rinoshanda negrid rave nyaya huru kuindasitiri. Pakati pemhinduro, masisitimu ekuisa simba rezuva chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirisa matambudziko aya uye kuumba system yesimba remagetsi remangwana.
I. Basa reSisitimu uye Kukosha kweMaitiro: Kubva pa "Fixer" kuenda ku "Enabler"
Sisitimu yekugadzika kwezuvas, dzinoshanda sehwaro hwesimba rezviteshi zvemagetsi zvePV, dzinonyanya kugadzirwa nesimbi yakasimba kana aruminiyamu yakareruka. Basa radzo rinopfuura kungosimbisa mamodule ePV zvakasimba padenga remba kana pasi. Dzinoshanda se "skeleton" uye "majoini" echiteshi chemagetsi, dzichiona kwete chete kuti mamodule anoramba akachengeteka kwemakumi emakore pakati penzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai semhepo, mvura, sinou, chando, uye ngura, asiwo dzinosarudza kona yakakodzera uye kurongeka kwemamodule kuti agamuchire chiedza chezuva kuburikidza nekugadzira kwakanyatsojeka kweinjiniya.
Parizvino, mamiriro ehunyanzvi ekuisa masisitimu muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvikuru zveChina zvinoratidza kuenzana kwakasimba, nemasisitimu ekutevera akagadzika uye ekugadzirisa achigovana musika zvakaenzana. Masisitimu ekuisa akagadzika, ane mabhenefiti awo ekuvaka akareruka, kusimba, kugara kwenguva refu, uye mari shoma yekutanga yekudyara nekugadzirisa, anoramba ari sarudzo isingaperi kune mapurojekiti mazhinji ari kutsvaga kudzoka kwakagadzikana. Masisitimu ekutevera, kune rumwe rutivi, anomiririra nhungamiro yetekinoroji yepamusoro. Anotevedzera musimboti wekutevera zuva we "sunflowers," achinyatsotevera kufamba kwezuva kuburikidza nekutenderera kwe single-axis kana dual-axis. Iyi tekinoroji inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya nguva yekugadzira simba rePV modules panguva dze angle yakaderera yezuva, senge mangwanani-ngwanani nemanheru, nokudaro ichisimudzira kuburitswa kwemagetsi kwesisitimu ne10% kusvika 25%, nerubatsiro rwakakura rwehupfumi.
Kuwedzera uku kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kune kukosha kukuru kwehurongwa kunopfuura miganhu yemapurojekiti ega ega. Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ePV kune "curve yedhadha" yechisikigo, ine peak yayo yekubuda inowanzo kuve yakatarisana masikati, iyo isingawanzoenderana zvakakwana nepeaks chaiyo yegrid uye inogona kutogadzira kumanikidzwa kukuru kwekunyudzwa mukati menguva dzakatarwa. Mupiro mukuru wemasisitimu ekutevera uri mukukwanisa kwawo "kuchinja" uye "kutambanudza" peak yekugadzirwa kwemasikati yakabatana kuenda kupeaks yekushandisa magetsi mangwanani nemanheru, zvichigadzira curve yekubuda kwemagetsi yakapfava uye yakareba. Izvi hazvingodzikisi chete kumanikidzwa kwekuveurwa kweganda pagrid uye zvinoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi ye "simba rezuva rakadzikira" asiwo, nekupa magetsi akawanda munguva dzemitero yakakwira, zvinovandudza zvakanyanya mwero wekudzoka kwemukati kwemapurojekiti ePV. Izvi zvinogadzira mamiriro ekubatsirana kwekutengeserana uye kuchengetedzwa kwegrid, zvichigadzira kutenderera kwakanaka.
II. Mashandisirwo Akasiyana-siyana uye Maindasitiri Ezvakatipoteredza: Kushanda pamwe chete kunotungamirirwa nehunyanzvi uye kubatana kwakazara
Kufara uye kudzika kwemusika wezuva muChina kunopa danho rakakura kwazvo rekuvandudza mashandiro emagetsi mukuisa masisitimu. Maitiro avo ekushandisa akawedzera kubva pazviteshi zvemagetsi zvinoiswa pasi uye masisitimu edenga remaindasitiri kusvika kuzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwevanhu, zvichiratidza huwandu hwakasiyana-siyana hwekubatanidza: Kuvaka-Kubatanidza Photovoltaics (BIPV): Kubatanidza maPV modules sezvinhu zvekuvaka pachawo kuita mafacade, madziro emaketeni, mabhakoni, uye kunyange matenga, zvichishandura chivako chimwe nechimwe kubva pakushandisa simba kuita "prosumer," inomiririra nzira yakakosha yekuvandudza girini yemaguta.
1. Agricultural Photovoltaics (Agri-PV): Kuburikidza nemagadzirirwo matsva ezvivakwa zvepamusoro, nzvimbo yakakwana inochengeterwa mashandiro makuru emichina yekurima, zvichiita kuti pave nemuenzaniso wakafanana wekuti "kugadzira magetsi akasvibirira pamusoro, kurima girini pasi." Izvi zvinoburitsa magetsi akachena ukuwo zvichichengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu chenyika uye zvichiwedzera mari yevarimi, zvichiita kuti pave nekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvevhu zvine hungwaru.
2. Nzvimbo dzekupaka mota dzinoshandisa simba rezuva: Kuvaka nzvimbo dzekupaka mota dzinoshandisa simba rezuva (PV carports) pamusoro penzvimbo dzekupaka mota nemakampasi munyika yese kunopa mumvuri nepekugara kwemotokari ukuwo kuchigadzira magetsi akachena panzvimbo yacho, zvichiita kuti dzive sarudzo yakanaka yenzvimbo dzekutengeserana, masangano ehurumende, nemapaki emaindasitiri.
3. Floating Photovoltaics (FPV): Kugadzira masisitimu ekugadzira zvinhu zvinoyangarara mumvura yeChina, madhamu, uye madziva ehove pasina kushandisa ivhu rinokosha. Nzira iyi inogona kuderedza kupwanyika kwemvura uye kudzivirira kukura kwealgae, zvichibatsira pakuchengetedza "kushanda pamwe chete kwehove" uye "kugadzira magetsi mumvura."
Kutsigira mamiriro aya ekushandisa kwakabudirira ndiko kuva neChina ine indasitiri yePV yakakwana uye inokwikwidzana pasi rose, iyo iyo chikamu chekugadzira masisitimu ekuisa chiri chikamu chakakosha. China haisiriyo chete mugadziri mukuru wepasi rose wemasisitimu ekuisa asi yakarerawo mabhizinesi mazhinji anotungamira ane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hweR&D uye mhinduro dzakagadziriswa. Kubva kuzvivakwa zvakagadzika zvinodzivirira mhepo nejecha zvemarenje kusvika kumasisitimu ekutevera anochinjika akagadzirwa munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemakomo, uye zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuisa zvekugara zvezvirongwa zvekuisa mudunhu rese, makambani emasisitimu ekuisa ekuChina anogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemamiriro ese ezvinhu nemisika yepasi rose. Hwaro hwakasimba hwekugadzira uhwu hausi chete mbiru yekutarisira kuchengetedzwa kwesimba renyika uye kudzora asi zvakare yakagadzira mabasa akawanda ehupfumi hwenzvimbo, ichiramba ichitungamira hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji nekuvandudza maindasitiri muminda ine chekuita nazvo.
III. Maonero Eramangwana: Kushanduka-shanduka Kwehungwaru neSainzi Yezvinhu
Tichitarisa mberi, kushanduka kwemasisitimu ekugadzika kwezuvazvichabatanidzwa zvakanyanya ne digitalization uye hungwaru. Chizvarwa chinotevera chemasisitimu ekutevera akangwara chichapfuura nzira iri nyore yekutevera algorithm yemuchadenga, ichishanduka kuita "mayuniti ekuona nekuzadzisa" echigadzirwa chemagetsi. Vachabatanidza zvakadzama data remamiriro ekunze renguva chaiyo, mirairo yekutumira grid, uye zviratidzo zvemutengo wemagetsi panguva yekushandisa, vachishandisa maalgorithms akavakirwa mugore ekugadzirisa pasi rose uye kugadzirisa nzira dzekushanda kuti vawane chiyero chakakodzera pakati pekugadzira magetsi, kupfeka kwemidziyo, uye kudiwa kwegrid, nokudaro vachiwedzera kukosha kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi muhupenyu hwacho hwese.
Panguva imwe chete, zvichikonzerwa nepfungwa yekuti "kugadzira zvinhu zvakasvibira," kugadzirisa mitengo yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwekabhoni muhupenyu hwese hwechigadzirwa, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve, zvinhu zvine simba guru, uye alloys dzealuminium dzinodzokororwa nyore nyore mukugadzira masisitimu ekuisa zvicharamba zvichiwedzera. Kuongororwa kwehupenyu kuchava chinhu chikuru chekufunga nezvacho mukugadzira chigadzirwa, kuchisundira cheni yese yeindasitiri kune nzira isingakuvadzi nharaunda uye inogara kwenguva refu.
Mhedziso
Muchidimbu, masisitimu ekuisa simba rezuva akabudirira kubva pakungova "vanogadzirisa" kuita "vanosimudzira kushanda zvakanaka" uye "vanoshanda pamwe chete negrid" yekugadzira simba rezuva. Kuburikidza nekuvandudza tekinoroji nguva dzose uye kuwedzera kukuru kwekushandiswa, vari kubatanidzwa zvakanyanya mukuedza kweChina kuvaka sisitimu yesimba rakachena yakasimba, inoshanda, uye inochinjika. Nekubudirira kuri kuramba kuripo mumaalgorithms akangwara uye matekinoroji matsva, chikamu ichi chehardware chinoita sechinokosha chakagadzirirwa kutamba basa rakakosha munhoroondo huru yekuchinja kwesimba repasi rose, ichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rweramangwana regirini muChina nenyika.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-31-2025