Izinhlelo Zokufaka Ilanga: Amandla Ayinhloko Aqhuba Ikusasa Lamandla Aguquguqukayo LaseShayina

Izinhlelo Zokufaka Ilanga: Amandla Ayinhloko Aqhuba Ikusasa Lamandla Aguquguqukayo LaseShayina

Egagasini elikhulu lokuguquka kwamandla, izinhlelo zokufaka amandla elanga ziye zashintsha kusukela ezakhiweni ezisekelayo ezingacacile ngemuva zaya kubuchwepheshe obuphambili obunquma ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic (PV), zithuthukise inani lomkhakha wonke, futhi ziqinisekise ukuzinza kwegridi. Ngokuthuthuka kwemigomo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" yaseShayina kanye nobuholi bayo bomhlaba wonke obuqhubekayo emandleni afakwe amandla elanga, ukudlulela ngale kokwandiswa okulula ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga okusebenzayo, okuhlakaniphile, nokunobungani negridi kuye kwaba yinkinga eyinhloko embonini. Phakathi kwezixazululo, izinhlelo zokufaka amandla elanga ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokubhekana nalezi zinselele kanye nokubumba uhlelo lwamandla oluhlakaniphile lwesikhathi esizayo.

I. Umsebenzi Wesistimu kanye Nenani Lamasu: Kusukela ku-“Fixer” kuya ku-“Enabler”

Uhlelo lokufaka ilangaAma-s, asebenza njengesisekelo sangempela sezitshalo zikagesi ze-PV, akhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngensimbi enamandla kakhulu noma ama-aluminium alloys alula. Umsebenzi wawo udlulela ngale nje kokubopha amamojula e-PV ngokuqinile ophahleni noma emhlabathini. Asebenza “njengesikele” kanye “namalunga” esitshalo sikagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amamojula ahlala ephephile futhi ephilile amashumi eminyaka phakathi kwezimo ezinzima njengomoya, imvula, iqhwa, iqhwa, kanye nokugqwala, kodwa futhi anquma ngenkuthalo i-engeli efanele kanye nokuma kwamamojula ukuze athole ukukhanya kwelanga ngomklamo wobunjiniyela oqondile.

Njengamanje, isimo sobuchwepheshe sezinhlelo zokufaka ezitshalweni zamandla ezinkulu zaseShayina ezifakwe phansi sibonisa ibhalansi eguquguqukayo, enezinhlelo zokuthambekela okugxilile kanye nezinhlelo zokulandelela ezihlanganyela cishe imakethe ngokulinganayo. Izinhlelo zokuthambekela okugxilile, ngezinzuzo zazo zesakhiwo esilula, ukuqina, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zokuqala eziphansi kanye nokugcinwa, zihlala ziyisinqumo esingapheli kumaphrojekthi amaningi aphishekela imbuyiselo ezinzile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo zokulandelela zimelela isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe esithuthuke kakhulu. Zilingisa isimiso sokulandela ilanga "sikabhekilanga," zilandelela ngenkuthalo ukunyakaza okubonakalayo kwelanga ngokusebenzisa ukujikeleza kwe-single-axis noma i-dual-axis. Lobu buchwepheshe bungandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamandla esisebenzayo samamojula e-PV ngezikhathi ze-engeli yelanga ephansi, njengasekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuliswe ukukhishwa kukagesi jikelele kohlelo ngo-10% kuya ku-25%, ngezinzuzo ezinkulu zomnotho.

Lokhu kwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kunenani elikhulu lecebo elidlula imingcele yamaphrojekthi ngamanye. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV kune-"duck curve" yemvelo, kanye nenani lokukhipha elivame ukugxila cishe emini, elingahlali lihambisana kahle neziqongo zangempela zomthwalo wegridi futhi lingadala ngisho nengcindezi enkulu yokumuncwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Umnikelo oyinhloko wezinhlelo zokulandelela usekhonweni lazo "lokushintsha" kanye "nokwelula" inani lokukhiqiza emini eligxilile liye eziqongweni zokusetshenziswa kukagesi ekuseni nakusihlwa, okukhiqiza ijika lokukhipha amandla elibushelelezi nelihlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ngempumelelo ingcindezi yokushefa ephezulu kugridi futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi "yamandla elanga ancishisiwe" kodwa futhi, ngokuletha ugesi owengeziwe ngezikhathi zentela ephezulu, kuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga langaphakathi lokubuyiselwa kwamaphrojekthi e-PV. Lokhu kudala isimo sokuwina kwenani lezentengiselwano kanye nokuphepha kwegridi, kwakha umjikelezo omuhle.

II. Izicelo Ezihlukahlukene kanye Nesistimu Yezimboni: Ukusebenzisana Okuqhutshwa Yizinto Ezintsha kanye Nochungechunge Olugcwele

Ububanzi nokujula kwemakethe yelanga yaseShayina kunikeza isigaba esikhulu kakhulu sokusungula izinhlelo zokufaka. Izimo zokusetshenziswa kwazo zikhule kusukela ezitshalweni zamandla ezijwayelekile ezifakwe phansi kanye nezinhlelo zophahla lwezimboni kuya ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila komphakathi, okubonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuhlukahluka nokuhlanganiswa: Ama-Photovoltaics Ahlanganisiwe Ekwakha (BIPV): Ukuhlanganisa amamojula e-PV njengezinto zokwakha ngokwawo zibe yizicabha, izindonga zamakhethini, amabhalkhoni, ngisho nophahla, okuguqula isakhiwo ngasinye kusuka ekubeni umthengi wamandla nje sibe "i-prosumer," emele indlela ebalulekile yokuvuselelwa okuluhlaza kwasemadolobheni.

1. I-Agricultural Photovoltaics (i-Agri-PV): Ngokusebenzisa imiklamo yezakhiwo eziphakeme ezintsha, kubekelwe isikhala esanele sokusebenza kwemishini emikhulu yezolimo, kufeza ngokuphelele imodeli ehambisanayo "yokukhiqizwa kwamandla aluhlaza ngaphezulu, ukutshalwa okuluhlaza ngaphansi." Lokhu kukhiqiza ugesi ohlanzekile ngenkathi kuvikela ukuvikeleka kokudla kuzwelonke futhi kwandisa imali engenayo yabalimi, kufeza ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezinsiza zomhlaba ngendlela ephumelelayo kakhulu.

2. Izindawo Zokupaka Izimoto Ezisebenzisa Amandla Elanga: Ukwakha izindawo zokupaka izimoto ze-PV phezu kwezindawo zokupaka izimoto kanye namakhampasi ezweni lonke kunikeza umthunzi kanye nendawo yokukhosela izimoto ngenkathi kukhiqizwa ugesi oluhlaza endaweni, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwezindawo zezentengiselwano, izikhungo zomphakathi, kanye namapaki ezimboni.

3. I-Floating Photovoltaics (FPV): Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokufaka ezintantayo zamachibi amaningi aseShayina, amachibi, namachibi okudoba ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo eyigugu. Le ndlela inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuhwamuka kwamanzi futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwe-algae, ifinyelele izinzuzo zemvelo "zokuhambisana kokudoba nokukhanya" kanye "nokukhiqizwa kwamandla emanzini."

Ukusekela lesi simo sesicelo esichumayo ukuthi iShayina inelungelo lochungechunge lwemboni ye-PV oluphelele noluncintisanayo kakhulu emhlabeni, lapho umkhakha wokukhiqiza izinhlelo zokufaka uyingxenye ebalulekile. IShayina ayigcini nje ngokuba ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni wezinhlelo zokufaka kodwa futhi ikhulise amabhizinisi amaningi ahamba phambili anamakhono aqinile e-R&D kanye nezinsizakalo zezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Kusukela ezakhiweni eziqinile ezingamelana nomoya nesihlabathi zamahlane kuya ezinhlelweni zokulandelela eziguquguqukayo ezenzelwe indawo eyinkimbinkimbi yezintaba, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokufaka yokuhlala yezinhlelo zokuthunyelwa kwesifunda sonke, izinkampani zezinhlelo zokufaka zaseShayina zingahlangabezana nezidingo zazo zonke izimo kanye nezimakethe zomhlaba wonke. Lesi sisekelo sokukhiqiza esiqinile asiyona nje insika yesu yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamandla kazwelonke kanye nokulawulwa kodwa futhi sidale nemisebenzi eminingi yezomnotho wendawo, siqhubeka nokushayela ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni emikhakheni ehlobene.

III. Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuguquka Okubili Kobuhlakani kanye Nesayensi Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo

Uma sibheka phambili, ukuvela kweizinhlelo zokufaka ilangakuzohlanganiswa ngokujulile nokusetshenziswa kwedijithali kanye nobuhlakani. Isizukulwane esilandelayo sezinhlelo zokulandelela ezihlakaniphile sizodlula ukulandelela okulula okusekelwe ku-algorithm yezinkanyezi, siguqukele "kumayunithi okuqonda okuhlakaniphile kanye nokusebenza" kwesitshalo samandla. Zizohlanganisa ngokujulile idatha yesimo sezulu yesikhathi sangempela, imiyalo yokuthunyelwa kwegridi, kanye nezibonakaliso zamanani kagesi wesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, zisebenzisa ama-algorithm asekelwe efwini ukuze kwenziwe ngcono umhlaba wonke kanye nokulungisa amasu okusebenza ngokuguquguqukayo ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokukhiqizwa kukagesi, ukuguguleka kwemishini, kanye nesidingo segridi, ngaleyo ndlela zikhulise inani lesitshalo samandla kuyo yonke impilo yaso.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuqhutshwa umqondo "wokukhiqiza okuluhlaza," ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa nokunciphisa kakhulu ukushaqeka kwekhabhoni kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivuselelekayo, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinamandla aphezulu, kanye nama-alloy e-aluminium ayindilinga angasetshenziswa kabusha kalula ekukhiqizeni izinhlelo zokufaka kuzokhula njalo. Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila kuzoba yinto ebalulekile ekuklanyweni komkhiqizo, kusunduze lonke uchungechunge lwemboni luye esiqondisweni esinobungani nemvelo nesimeme.

Isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, izinhlelo zokufaka amandla elanga zishintshe ngempumelelo kusukela "kubalungisi" nje zaba "abathuthukisi bokusebenza kahle" kanye "nabahlanganyeli begridi" bokukhiqiza amandla elanga. Ngokusungula ubuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo kanye nokwandiswa kwezicelo eziningi, bahileleke kakhulu futhi basekela kakhulu imizamo yaseShayina yokwakha uhlelo lwamandla ahlanzekile oluqinile, olusebenzayo, noluguquguqukayo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kuma-algorithms ahlakaniphile kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bezinto ezibonakalayo, le ngxenye yehadiwe ebonakala iyisisekelo ihloselwe ukudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu endabeni enkulu yoguquko lwamandla emhlabeni jikelele, ihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuqinile kwekusasa eliluhlaza eShayina nasemhlabeni jikelele.