Mikhalidwe iwiri ya polojekiti imasokoneza kutsikachitseko chozunguliramofulumira kuposa china chilichonse: mpweya wamchere, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosalekeza. Mochulukirachulukira, zimafika pamodzi.
Kachitidwe ka zinthu zofotokozera kamakhala ndi chizolowezi chonyamula chinthu kuchokera ku projekiti yapitayi. Kukhazikitsa gudumu lozungulira lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino pakukonza ofesi mkati mwa dzikolo limakopedwa ku hotelo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo ochitira masewera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'khonde la chipatala - kenako limalephera mkati mwa nthawi ya chitsimikizo. Chifukwa chake sichakuti zidazo zinali ndi vuto. Ndi chifukwa chakuti zinthu ziwiri zachilengedwe zinasintha nthawi imodzi, ndipo palibe chomwe chinalembedwa muzofotokozerazo.
Zosintha zonsezi tsopano n'zosavuta kuzifotokoza poyerekeza ndi momwe zinalili zaka khumi zapitazo. Kuyesa njinga ndi kuyesa kupopera mchere kwasintha kuchoka pa zinthu zina zowonjezera kupita ku zinthu zofewa, ndipo miyezo yomwe ili kumbuyo kwake yasinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito zamalonda osati ya nyumba.
Kupanikizika kwa malonda komwe kumabweretsa kusinthaku n'koyezeka. Makina otsetsereka akupitilizabe kutenga nawo mbali m'malo okhala komanso amalonda, ndipo makina odziyimira pawokha akuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito: kuphatikiza makina otsetsereka odziyimira pawokha m'nyumba zanzeru ndi malo amalonda kumawonjezera pafupifupi 20% ya kukula kwa zida zotsetsereka, malinga ndi Business Research Insights, pomwe kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe osungira malo kumakhudza pafupifupi 35%. Makina odziyimira pawokha amasintha funso la zofunikira, chifukwa chitseko choyendetsedwa ndi magetsi chimazungulira nthawi zambiri kuposa chamanja ndipo sichingadalire wogwiritsa ntchito kuti ayimitse gululo.
Njira ziwiri zolephera, mafotokozedwe awiri osiyana
Kukhudzidwa ndi gombe kumawononga zinthuzo. Mpweya wodzaza ndi mchere, chinyezi, ndi chloride yowuluka m'mlengalenga zimathandizira dzimbiri pa zitsulo, ndipo kuwonongekako kumakhazikika m'malo ovuta kuwunika: mipikisano ya mabearing, ma axle pini ndi malo olumikizirana ndi njanji. Kugundana pa gudumu lozungulira kumawonjezera kukangana, kukangana kumawonjezera mphamvu yokoka yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amamva, ndipo pamapeto pake gululo limakoka kapena kusiya njanji.
Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kumawononga makinawo. Chipinda chotsetsereka cha m'nyumba chikhoza kukwera njinga kangapo pachaka. Khomo lolowera ku siteshoni yoyendera anthu kapena kuchipatala limatha kukwera njinga kangapo nthawi imodzi - ndipo zitseko zodziyimira zokha zimachulukitsanso zimenezo, chifukwa makina oyendetsera galimoto sachepetsa mphamvu ya chipangizocho kuti chiyime monga momwe munthu amachitira.
Zotsatira zake: mfundo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ziyenera kumangidwa motsatira zipangizo ndi kutsimikizira chophimba, pomwe mfundo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ziyenera kumangidwa motsatira nthawi yolembedwa ya kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka ndege. Mapulojekiti omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri amafunika zofunikira ziwirizi, osati kusakanikirana.
Mapulojekiti a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ayenera kufotokozedwa
Kusankha kopanda banga, osati "kosapanga dzimbiri" kokha. Giredi 304 ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri ndipo ndi chokwanira m'malo otetezedwa mkati mwa dziko. Pakukhudzana mwachindunji ndi gombe, gudumu lozungulira lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mu giredi 316 ndiye chisankho chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa molybdenum komanso kukana kwa chloride bwino; gudumu lozungulira la 304 liyenera kuonedwa ngati njira yolowera mkati mwa dziko osati njira yolowera m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ngati zipangizo zikugwirizana ndi aluminiyamu, makina ochapira kapena chophimba chogwirizana chiyenera kufotokozedwa kuti tipewe mavuto a galvanic coupling pamalo okonzera.
Nthawi ndi njira yodziwira nthawi yothira mchere. ASTM B117 ndiyo njira yodziwira nthawi yothira mchere yomwe imatchulidwa kwambiri; ISO 9227 ndi yofanana ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi. Chofunika kwambiri, miyezo iyi imafotokoza njira yoyesera, osati malire oti munthu adutse - nthawi yodziwira nthawi yofunikira imachokera ku zomwe zafotokozedwa mu pulojekiti kapena muyezo wa kasitomala. Magawo ofanana ndi awa ndi maola 96, 240 ndi 500 a ASTM B117, ndipo nthawi yodziwira nthawi ya maola 1,000 kapena kuposerapo imawonekera m'mapulojekiti am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi apafupi ndi nyanja. Zomwe zafotokozedwazi ziyenera kutchula njira ndi maola, kuphatikiza muyezo wovomerezeka (mwachitsanzo, palibe dzimbiri lofiira komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa dzimbiri loyera).
Magulu otsekedwa, opaka mafuta kale. Kupaka mafutanso pa gudumu lozungulira kutsogolo kwa gombe sikothandiza nthawi zambiri. Magulu otsekedwa okhala ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito inayake amachotsa ntchito yokonza yomwe magulu ambiri a malo sangagwire bwino ntchito.
Mapulojekiti odzaza magalimoto ayenera kufotokozedwa
Deta yoyesera moyo wa njinga pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchulidwa. ANSI/BHMA A156.14 imakhazikitsa zofunikira pa zida zotsekereza ndi zopindika ndipo imaphimba kuyesa kwa njinga, kukweza molakwika, kulimba kwa katundu wosasinthasintha, kusalala, kugwedezeka kosasinthasintha ndi kugwedezeka kwa kinetic. Kusintha kwa 2024 kukuwonetsa momwe zida zogwirira ntchito m'nyumba ndi zamalonda zimagwirira ntchito. Pa zitseko zotsekereza ndi zopindika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zochepa, ANSI/BHMA A156.38 imafuna ma cycle 300,000, ndipo nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka imakhala mkati mwa -10% mpaka +20% ya zomwe zalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa mayeso - chitsanzo chothandiza cha momwe chiyeso cha njinga chiyenera kuyeneretsedwera.
Malire a katundu woposa kulemera kwa sash komwe kwawerengedwa. Gudumu lozungulira lolemera liyenera kufotokozedwa ndi katundu wake wovoteledwa, osati ndi chizindikiro patsamba la katalogi.Gudumu lozunguliraKuyeza kwa katundu kuyenera kuyerekezeredwa ndi kulemera kwenikweni kwa panelo kuphatikiza ma glazing, zida ndi mphamvu ya mphepo pankhope zakunja. Cholinga chake ndi malire, osati ofanana, ndipo chiwerengero choyezedwacho chiyenera kukhala chomveka bwino pamwamba pa katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito wowerengedwa.
Kuchuluka kwa kusintha komwe kumafotokozedwa mu mamilimita. Zopachika zosinthika kutalika zimathandiza okhazikitsa kuti azitha kuyamwa slab ndikutsatira kulekerera komwe kuli pamalopo. Mu mapulojekiti omwe anthu ambiri amadutsa, kusinthako ndiko komwe kumalepheretsa cholakwika choyamba kuti chisasinthe.
Mizere isanu ndi umodzi yomwe ili mu specification iliyonse ya gudumu lozungulira
- Zipangizo za mawilo ozungulira ndi mtundu wake (mwachitsanzo, gudumu lozungulira losapanga dzimbiri la 316 la malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena gudumu lozungulira la nayiloni komwe kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa katundu).
- Mtundu wonyamula - wosindikizidwa, wothira mafuta kale, wokhala ndi moyo wogwiritsidwa ntchito womwe watchulidwa.
- Kuchuluka kwa katundu pa gudumu lililonse lozungulira, ndi maziko oyesera omwe apezeka.
- Chikalata cha moyo wa njinga ndi njira yoyesera yoyenerera komanso kuchuluka kwa njinga.
- Kufotokozera za dzimbiri — muyezo wa njira yogwiritsira ntchito komanso maola ofunikira owonera komanso muyezo wovomerezeka.
- Kutsata — ziphaso za zinthu zomwe zili mu gulu, zomwe zimayenderana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya zida zomwe zimaperekedwa muzopereka zautumiki.
Kumene zinthu ziwirizi zimagwirizana
Mitundu ya mapulojekiti omwe amaphatikiza mpweya wamchere ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ikukula mofulumira kuposa magulu onse awiriwa: malo oyendera maboti ndi sitima zapamadzi, zipatala ndi zipatala za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo ochitirako maulendo apanyanja, malo olowera m'malo opumulirako, malo ogulitsira zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo ofufuzira zapamadzi. M'nyumbazi, zofunikira pa gudumu lozungulira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za zinthuzo komanso zofunikira pa njinga nthawi imodzi - ndipo gawoli nthawi zambiri limakhala mzere womaliza womwe umawunikidwa mu phukusi lotumizira ndipo ndi woyamba kupanga foni yothandizira.
Opanga mapulogalamu oterewa amaona kwambiri gudumu lozungulira ndi njanji ngati chinthu chimodzi chodziwika bwino m'malo mwa zinthu ziwiri zolembedwa, chifukwa njira zolephera zimagwirira ntchito limodzi: dzimbiri limakweza kukangana, kukangana kumafulumizitsa kuwonongeka, ndipo kukangana kumafupikitsa nthawi yosinthira isanakwane.
Kumene nthawi zambiri zinthu sizikuyenda bwino
Cholakwika chofala kwambiri ndi kuvomereza zomwe zanenedwa popanda njira yomwe yatchulidwa: "kuyesedwa kwa dzimbiri" ndi "kuyesedwa kwa njinga" sizitanthauza zambiri pokhapokha ngati muyezo, nthawi ndi muyezo wovomerezeka zanenedwa. Chachiwiri ndikunena za mawilo ozungulira mosasamala kanthu za njanji ndi hanger zomwe amayendetsa - gudumu lozungulira lapamwamba pa njanji lomwe silingathe kupirira kusalala lidzawonongekabe mosagwirizana. Chachitatu ndikuwona mapulojekiti am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi magalimoto ambiri ngati magulu osiyana pamene mtundu wa polojekiti yomwe ikukula mwachangu ndi zonse ziwiri.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri
Pa ntchito za m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso zamagalimoto ambiri,gudumu lozunguliraSi chinthu chogulira zinthu. Ndi chinthu chomwe zinthu ziwiri zovuta kwambiri zimakumana nazo, ndipo ndi gawo lotsika mtengo kwambiri la chogwirira ntchito chowonjezera ndipo ndi lokwera mtengo kwambiri kusintha - kulephera kwa gudumu lozungulira pakhomo lokhala ndi magalimoto ambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi zambiri kumakhala ngati kusintha kwa gudumu lozungulira; kumatha ngati kusinthana kwathunthu kwa chogwirira ntchito. Kulemba zinthu, njira yoyesera, maola owonera ndi nthawi yowerengera muzofotokozera kumawononga ndime imodzi. Kuzisiya kumawononga ndalama zopempha chitsimikizo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-17-2026