Ka Tukuna e Shanghai Qinkai Industry Co., Ltd. ngā Tātaitanga Tautoko Ruāwhenua Matatau mō te Kaupapa Whare Ture o St. Lucia

CASTRIES, St. Lucia & SHANGHAI, Haina — I roto i tētahi whanaketanga nui mō ngā hanganga Karipiana me te haumaru tūmatanui, kua angitu te tuku a Shanghai Qinkai Industry Co., Ltd., he kaihanga me te kaihoahoa matua o te ao mō te whakahaere taura ahumahi me ngā pūnaha tautoko rū whenua, i tētahi Pūrongo Hoahoa Tautoko me te Tatau Rū Whenua whānui mō te kaupapa rongonui o ngā Whare Ture o St. Lucia (HOJ). E whakaatu ana i te hangarau mīhini pakari, ngā tataunga kawenga, me ngā manatoko haumaru hanganga i mahia mō ngā pūnaha tautoko rū whenua i whakatārewatia i roto i te whare ture nui. Ko tēnei tiwhikete hanganga he tohu nui, e whakarite ana ka taea e te hanganga tohatoha hiko matua o te whare whakawā matua o St. Lucia te tu atu i ngā huihuinga rū whenua me te pupuri i te haere tonu o te mahi i ngā wā ohorere.

Te Tūranga Hiranga o te Hangarau Rū i roto i ngā Hanganga Tūmatanui

Ko ngā whare tūmatanui me ngā whare whakahaere hou e hiahia ana ki te nui atu i te ataahua me te hanganga taketake anake; e hiahia ana hoki rātou ki te ātete ru teitei. He pono rawa tēnei mō ngā whare whakawā, whakahaere, me ngā whare ohorere pērā i ngā Whare Ture o St. Lucia, e mahi ana hei pokapū io nui mō te kāwanatanga ā-rohe. I ngā rohe e pāngia ana e ngā mahi whenua, ko te tiaki i ngā wāhanga kore-hanganga—pērā i ngā paepae taura ngaohiko iti me te ngaohiko teitei, ngā paipa wai, me ngā pūnaha HVAC—he whakahau haumaru matua.

I te wā o te rū whenua, ka taea e ngā ratonga e iri ana te kore tautoko, te kore rānei i tatauhia kia pōturi, ka pakaru kino te hanganga, ka motu te hiko, ka nui hoki ngā tūponotanga mō ngā kainoho o te whare. Ka mahi ngā pūnaha tautoko rū whenua iri hei punga pakari e whakahaere ana i te nekehanga taha me te roa, e tohatoha haumaru ana i ngā kawenga hihiri ki roto i te hanganga raima tuatahi.

Hei whakatutuki i ēnei paepae haumaru e hiahiatia ana, i whakamahia e Shanghai Qinkai Industry Co., Ltd. he huinga o ngā paerewa hanganga o te ao me te motu. Ko ngā turanga hoahoa hangarau mō te kaupapa HOJ ko:

• GB50017-2003: Waehere mō te Hoahoa o ngā Hanganga Rino
• GB50009-2001: Waehere mō te Hoahoa Utaina o ngā Hanganga Whare
• JGJ145-2013: Waehere Hangarau mō te Whakapūmau i muri i ngā Hanganga Konukuraiti
• GB50303-2002: Waehere mō te Whakaae i te Kounga Hanga o ngā Kaupapa Hangarau Hiko Whare
• 03S402 me 03SR417-2: Ngā Tautoko Paipa o Roto me ngā Paerewa Tāutanga

Mā ēnei waehere e whakahaere te kōwhiringa rauemi, ngā herenga ahotea e whakaaetia ana, ngā āhuatanga haumaru, me ngā paepae piko mō ngā pūnaha whakatārewatia, kia mōhio ai kei te hangaia ia tauera me te taha haumaru tino pai.

Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hangarau me te Hoahoa Huihuinga Paepae

Tepūnaha tautoko rū whenuaI hangaia mō ngā Whare Ture o St. Lucia, e whakamahi ana i tētahi whirihoranga whāriki whakairi maha-taumata (Whāriki ZJ-13) hei whakarite me te tautoko i ngā momo paepae taura hiko. E whai whakaaro ana te hoahoa ki ngā whatunga tohatoha ngaohiko iti me te ngaohiko teitei e rere whakarara ana puta noa i ngā tuanui o te whare.

Ngā Tawhā Utaina Paepae Taura

Ko ngā tātaitanga e hangai ana ki ngā paearu kawenga raina motuhake e whai ake nei i raro i te mokowā tautoko paerewa o te 1.5 mita:

1. Ngā Paepae Taura Ngaohiko Iti:
   • 100×100 mm (12 kg/m)
   • 200×100 mm (22.5 kg/m)
   • 300×50 mm (20 kg/m)
   • 300×100 mm (40 kg/m)
2. Ngā Paepae Taura Ngaohiko-Teitei:
   • 100×100 mm (16 kg/m)
   • 200×100 mm (32 kg/m)
   • 300×50 mm (30 kg/m)
   • 300×100 mm (55 kg/m)
   • 400×150 mm (85 kg/m)

Ka whakamahia he tauwehenga haumaru o te 1.2 puta noa i ngā take kawenga katoa hei whakaaro mō ngā rerekētanga hihiri me ngā whakawhānui taura ā muri ake nei.

Whirihoranga Huinga Hanganga

Ko te huihuinga tuatahi e whakamahi ana i tētahi mokowā-U 41×41 mm (awa tautoko) i hangaia ki te maitai hanganga waro Q235 kounga teitei, e iri ana mā roto i ngā tokotoko tīwiri M10 me ngā pūtu punga kua whakauruhia ki roto i te pereti tuanui raima.

Kei raro nei te tuhi hangarau taipitopito e whakaatu ana i ngā ine tika, te tawhiti, me ngā taputapu whakapiri i whakamahia i roto i te Tautoko Ru Whakatārewatanga ZJ-13:

E ai ki te Pikitia 1, e toru ngā taumata o te hanganga whakatārewatanga, he 41×41 mm te whānui o ngā mokowā U, he 600 mm te whānui taha, ā, he 550 mm te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā pūwāhi whakatārewatanga. Ka mau te punga poutū ki te tuanui raima mā te whakamahi i ngā pūtu punga raima M10×80 me ngā urutau tokotoko tīwiri M10. Ka honoa ngā kurupae whakawhiti maha e ngā tokotoko tīwiri M10 kukū-teitei, kua mau ki te tūranga me ngā nati hexagonal M10 me ngā hononga papatahi M11, e whakarato ana i tētahi whare herehere pakari, ātete-wiri.

Hiranga Rauemi: Te Kōtaha Hongere Tūmau 41×41 mm

Te poutokomanawa hanganga o te Qinkaipūnaha tautoko rū whenuako te kōtaha U-slot 41×41 mm. Ka hangaia ēnei awa tautoko e Shanghai Qinkai Industry Co., Ltd. mai i te maitai hanganga waro Q235, he rauemi paerewa ahumahi e rongonui ana mō tōna taurite pai o te kaha kume, te ngāwari, me te āheinga whakarewa.

Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau Q235:

• Te Kīanga Ā-Toi (
  $\rho$

  ρ):

  $78.5\; kN/m3$

  78.5 kN/m3

• Te Tauwehenga Rino (
  $E$

  E):

  $2.06\times 105\; N/mm2$

  2.06×105 N/mm2

• Te Ōwehenga o Poisson (
  $\nu$

  (ν):

  $0.3$

  0.3

• Te Kaha o te Hoahoa Kume/Pīkoki (
  $f$

  wh):

  $215\; N/mm2$

  215 N/mm2

• Kaha Hoahoa Kutikuti (
  $fv$

  fv):

  $120\; N/mm2$

  120 N/mm2

• Te Kaha o te Pēhanga o te Mata Mutunga (
  $sCE$

  sCE​):

  $310\; N/mm2$

  310 N/mm2

Hei whakarite i te roa o te mau o te wai i roto i te āhuarangi moana haukū o St. Lucia, kua whakaratohia ēnei awaawa poutū ki ngā whakaotinga tiaki mahi-teitei, tae atu ki te Pre-Galvanized (Z275), te Hot-DIP Galvanized (HDG), me te Electroplated Zinc (EZ).

E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i ngā āheinga ā-ahu, ngā whakaotinga e wātea ana, me ngā momo hua miihini o te raupapa U-slot 41×41 mm a Qinkai (Tau Nama 004120 / TG-41 GI). Ko ngā taha niho hurihuri o tehongereKa whakaratohia e te kōtaha he ātete paheke pai rawa atu me te kaha maukati kutikuti teitei ina honoa ki ngā nati hongere, kia mau tonu ai te whakapūmau i raro i ngā wiri rū whenua.

Ngā Tātaitanga Huānga Mutunga Kore me te Utaina Hanganga

Ko te kaupapa matua o te pūrongo hangarau he manatoko kei roto tonu i ngā paepae rauemi e whakaaetia ana mō te maitai Q235 te ahotea piko, te ahotea kutikuti, me te piko o ia kurupae whakawhiti whakapae i raro i te kawenga mōrahi.

Tātari Utaina Kurupae 1

Ka tautoko te kurupae whakawhiti 1 i te huinga kawenga taumaha rawa, e pupuri ana i te paepae taura ngaohiko-tiketike 400×150 mm.

• Utaina Tohatoha Tauwehe:
  $85\; kg/m\times 1.5\; m\times 10\; N/kg\times 1.2\approx 1.53\; kN$

  85 kg/m×1.5 m×10 N/kg×1.2≈1.53 kN

• Te Wā Piko: Ko te wā piko mōrahi (
  $Mmax$

  Ko te Mmax​) e pāngia ana e te hihi ka tatauhia i

  $124\; N\cdot m$

  124 N⋅m.

• Ngā Kaha Tauhohenga Tautoko: Ko ngā kaha tauhohenga poutū i ngā pūwāhi whakatārewatanga maui me te matau ko
  $0.756\; kN$

  0.756 kN ia.

Te Whakamana i te Piko me te Whakapiko Hanganga

Mā te whakamahi i te ariā kurupae, ko te ahotea piko mōrahi (

Ka tirohia a σ) ki te kaha hoahoa o

215 N/mm2. E whakaatu ana ngā tātaitanga he tino haumaru te ahotea piko.

Hei tāpiritanga, me whakawhāiti te piko o te kurupae kia kore ai e totohu te hanganga me te ngatata o ngā whakaotinga tata. Ko te piko mōrahi e whakaaetia ana i raro i te kawenga ru ko te tikanga

L/200 (kei hea

Ko L te whānuitanga). Mō te

550 mm te whānui, ko te piko e whakaaetia ana ko

2.75 mm.

E ai ki te whakaaturanga i roto i te pihi piko o te huānga mutunga kore i te Pikitia 3, ko te piko mōrahi i raro i te kawenga katoa ka puta i waenganui tonu o te whāwhā o te kurupae (

0.275 m) ā, ka tae ki te

0.29 mm. He tino iti iho tēnei i te

Te paepae 2.75 mm, e whakaū ana he tino pakari te hanganga o te mokamoka-U Qinkai.

Te Pūmautanga o te Whakamau me ngā Tawhā Haumaru Punga

Ko te kaha o te pūnaha tautoko rū whenua he rite ki tōna hononga ngoikore rawa, koia te take i whakahaerehia ai e te tīma hangarau o Qinkai ngā manatoko kawenga whānui ki ngā taputapu punga me ngā taputapu whakamau katoa. Ko ngā tokotoko katoa, ngā pūtu punga, me ngā nati he mea hanga mai i te maitai kaha-teitei o te Tau 4.8.

Tirotiro i te Utaina o te Pūtu Punga me te Tokotoko Tīwiri:

• Te Kaha Kume Mōrahi i runga i te Tokotoko:
  $1.206\; kN$

  1.206 kN

• Tepe Kume Whakaaetia mō te Rakau Tīwiri M10 Tau 4.8:
  $7.0\; kN$

  7.0 kN

• Tapeke Haumaru: Te kaha tuturu (
  $1.206\; kN$

  1.206 kN) he iti iho i te

  $17\%$

  17% o te kaha e whakaaetia ana o te tokotoko, e whakarato ana i te tawhā haumaru nui.

• Te Kaha Kume Mōrahi i runga i te Pūmau Punga:
  $1.206\; kN$

  1.206 kN

• Tepe Kume Whakaaetia mō te Pūtu Punga M10 Tau 4.8:
  $6.0\; kN$

  6.0 kN

• Tapeke Haumaru: Ka mahi te pūtu punga i te wā noa iho
  $20\%$

  20% o tōna kaha kume e whakaaetia ana, kia kore ai he mōrearea o te kumenga raima.

Tirotiro Kutikuti Nati Hexagonal me te Taunga Papatahi:

• Te Kaha Mōrahi i runga i te Nati Hexagonal:
  $0.756\; kN$

  0.756 kN (Te rohenga e whakaaetia ana:

  $7.0\; kN$

  7.0 kN)

• Te Kaha Mōrahi i runga i ngā Hononga Papatahi:
  $0.756\; kN$

  0.756 kN (Te rohenga e whakaaetia ana:

  $7.0\; kN$

  7.0 kN)

I te mea kua tino heke ngā taumata ahotea me ngā piko katoa i raro iho i ngā rohe hoahoa mōrahi, ka mutu te pūrongo hangarau me te 100% te whakapono ka tutuki katoa te kaha kawe kawenga o te huihuinga Bracket ZJ-13 ki ngā ture haumaru rū whenua.