Shanghai Qinkai Industry Co., Ltd. Yapereka Mawerengedwe Othandizira Kwambiri a Chivomerezi cha St. Lucia Halls of Justice Project

CASTRIES, St. Lucia & SHANGHAI, China — Mu chitukuko chachikulu cha zomangamanga za ku Caribbean ndi chitetezo cha anthu, Shanghai Qinkai Industry Co., Ltd., kampani yotsogola padziko lonse lapansi komanso wopanga makina othandizira mawaya ndi zivomerezi, yapereka bwino Lipoti Lokwanira la Kapangidwe ka Chivomerezi ndi Kuwerengera kwa polojekiti yotchuka ya St. Lucia Halls of Justice (HOJ). ikufotokoza za uinjiniya wamakina, kuwerengera katundu, ndi kutsimikizira chitetezo cha kapangidwe kake komwe kamachitika pamakina othandizira zivomerezi omwe adayimitsidwa mkati mwa malo odziwika bwino azamalamulo. Chitsimikizo cha kapangidwe kameneka chikuyimira gawo lofunika kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zomangamanga zofunika kwambiri zogawa magetsi ku malo oweruza akuluakulu a St. Lucia zitha kupirira zochitika za zivomerezi ndikusungabe ntchito nthawi zonse panthawi yadzidzidzi.

Udindo Wofunika Kwambiri wa Uinjiniya wa Zivomerezi mu Zomangamanga za Anthu Onse

Nyumba zamakono za anthu onse ndi mabungwe zimafuna zambiri osati kungokongola kokha komanso kukhazikika kwa nyumba; zimafuna mphamvu yolimba ya zivomerezi. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ku malo oweruza milandu, oyang'anira, ndi zadzidzidzi monga St. Lucia Halls of Justice, omwe ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri a mitsempha kwa boma la m'deralo. M'madera omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zochitika za geological, kuteteza zinthu zosakhala za kapangidwe kake—monga mathireyi a chingwe otsika mphamvu ndi okwera mphamvu, mapaipi amadzi, ndi machitidwe a HVAC—ndi udindo waukulu wachitetezo.

Pa nthawi ya chivomerezi, magetsi osagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kapena osakonzedwa bwino amatha kugwedezeka mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo iwonongeke, magetsi achepe, komanso kuopsa kwa anthu okhala m'nyumbamo. Makina othandizira zivomerezi zomangika amagwira ntchito ngati zipilala zolimba zomwe zimawongolera kuyenda kwa mbali ndi kutalika, ndikugawa katundu wosinthika bwino kubwerera ku nyumba yoyambirira ya konkriti.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi zofunika pa chitetezo, Shanghai Qinkai Industry Co., Ltd. yagwiritsa ntchito miyezo yophatikizana ya kapangidwe ka nyumba padziko lonse lapansi komanso ya dziko lonse. Maziko a kapangidwe ka uinjiniya wa pulojekiti ya HOJ ndi awa:

• GB50017-2003: Khodi Yopangira Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo
• GB50009-2001: Khodi ya Kapangidwe ka Katundu wa Nyumba
• JGJ145-2013: Khodi Yaukadaulo Yothandizira Kukhazikitsa Konkire Pambuyo pa Kukhazikika
• GB50303-2002: Khodi Yovomerezeka ya Ubwino wa Ntchito Zomangamanga za Mapulojekiti a Uinjiniya Wamagetsi
• 03S402 & 03SR417-2: Zothandizira Mapaipi Amkati ndi Miyezo Yoyikira

Ma code awa amalamulira kusankha zinthu, malire ovomerezeka a kupsinjika, zinthu zotetezera, ndi malire opotoka a makina opachikidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti bracket iliyonse yapangidwa ndi malire apadera a chitetezo.

Mafotokozedwe Aukadaulo ndi Kapangidwe ka Bracket Assembly

Thedongosolo lothandizira zivomereziChopangidwira St. Lucia Halls of Justice chimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a multi-tier suspended bracket (ZJ-13 Bracket) kuti chikonze ndikuthandizira magulu osiyanasiyana a ma cable trays amagetsi. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi ma network ogawa magetsi otsika komanso okwera omwe amayenda motsatizana padenga la malo opangira magetsi.

Magawo Onyamula Katundu wa Chingwe

Kuwerengera kumachokera pa mfundo zotsatirazi zotsatizana ndi mzere pansi pa mtunda wokhazikika wa 1.5 metres:

1. Mathireyi a Chingwe Otsika Mphamvu:
   • 100×100 mm (12 kg/m)
   • 200×100 mm (22.5 kg/m)
   • 300×50 mm (20 kg/m)
   • 300×100 mm (40 kg/m)
2. Mathireyi a Chingwe Okhala ndi Mphamvu Yaikulu:
   • 100×100 mm (16 kg/m)
   • 200×100 mm (32 kg/m)
   • 300×50 mm (30 kg/m)
   • 300×100 mm (55 kg/m)
   • 400×150 mm (85 kg/m)

Chiŵerengero cha chitetezo cha 1.2 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa milandu yonse ya katundu kuti chiwerengere kusiyana kwa mphamvu ndi kukulitsa kwa mawaya mtsogolo.

Kapangidwe ka Msonkhano wa Kapangidwe

Chomangira chachikulu chimagwiritsa ntchito malo olumikizirana a U a 41×41 mm (njira yolumikizirana) yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chapamwamba cha Q235 carbon structural steel, chopachikidwa kudzera mu ndodo za M10 screw ndi ma bolts a anchor omwe amaikidwa mu simenti ya denga.

Pansipa pali chithunzi chatsatanetsatane chaukadaulo chosonyeza kukula kwenikweni, malo, ndi zida zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ZJ-13 Suspended Seismic Support:

Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1, kasinthidwe ka suspension kali ndi magawo atatu a 41×41 mm U-slots yokhala ndi mbali ya 600 mm ndi mtunda wa suspension point 550 mm. Kutsika koyima kumalumikizidwa bwino pamwamba pa konkriti pogwiritsa ntchito mabolt a anchor a konkriti a M10×80 ndi ma adapter a ndodo ya M10 screw. Ndodo za M10 zomangika kwambiri zimalumikiza matabwa angapo opingasa, omwe amatsekedwa pamalo pake ndi mtedza wa M10 hexagonal ndi zolumikizira za M11 flat, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zosagwedezeka.

Ubwino wa Zinthu: Mbiri ya Strut Channel ya 41×41 mm

Msana wa Qinkaidongosolo lothandizira zivomerezindi mawonekedwe a U-slot a 41×41 mm. Shanghai Qinkai Industry Co., Ltd. imapanga njira izi kuchokera ku chitsulo cha Q235 carbon structural steel, chomwe ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino m'makampani chifukwa cha kulimba kwake kolimba, kusinthasintha, komanso kusinthasintha.

Katundu wa Makina a Q235:

• Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yokoka (
  $\rho$

  ρ):

  $78.5\; kN/m3$

  78.5 kN/m3

• Modulus Yotanuka (
  $E$

  E):

  $2.06\times 105\; N/mm2$

  2.06×105 N/mm2

• Chiŵerengero cha Poisson (
  $\nu$

  ν):

  $0.3$

  0.3

• Mphamvu Yokoka/Kupindika (
  $f$

  f):

  $215\; N/mm2$

  215 N/mm2

• Mphamvu Yopangira Kapangidwe ka Ukameta (
  $fv$

  fv​):

  $120\; N/mm2$

  120 N/mm2

• Mphamvu Yopanikizika ya Nkhope Yomaliza (
  $sCE$

  sCE​):

  $310\; N/mm2$

  310 N/mm2

Kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali m'nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha ya m'nyanja ya St. Lucia, njira zomangira izi zimaperekedwa ndi zomaliza zoteteza zapamwamba, kuphatikizapo Pre-Galvanized (Z275), Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG), ndi Electroplated Zinc (EZ).

Chithunzi 2 chikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za kulekerera kwa miyeso, zomaliza zomwe zilipo, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zamakina za mndandanda wa Qinkai wa 41×41 mm U-slot (Item No. 004120 / TG-41 GI). Mphepete mwa waya wozungulira wanjiraMbiriyi imapereka kukana kutsetsereka kwapamwamba komanso mphamvu yayikulu yotseka ikalumikizidwa ndi mtedza wa channel, kuonetsetsa kuti cholumikiziracho chimakhala cholimba pansi pa kugwedezeka kwa chivomerezi.

Kuwerengera kwa Finite Element ndi Structural Load

Lipotilo la uinjiniya limayang'ana kwambiri pakutsimikizira kuti kupsinjika kopindika, kupsinjika kodula, ndi kupotoka kwa mtanda uliwonse wopingasa pansi pa katundu wapamwamba kwambiri zili mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka a chitsulo cha Q235.

Kusanthula kwa Mtolo Wopingasa 1

Crossbeam 1 imathandizira kuphatikiza katundu wolemera kwambiri, yokhala ndi thireyi ya chingwe yamagetsi ya 400×150 mm.

• Katundu Wogawidwa Wokonzedwa:
  $85\; kg/m\times 1.5\; m\times 10\; N/kg\times 1.2\approx 1.53\; kN$

  85 kg/m×1.5 m×10 N/kg×1.2≈1.53 kN

• Nthawi Yopindika: Nthawi yopindika kwambiri (
  $Mmax$

  Mmax​) yomwe imawonedwa ndi mtanda imawerengedwa pa

  $124\; N\cdot m$

  124 N⋅m.

• Mphamvu Zothandizira: Mphamvu zoyimirira zomwe zimayimitsidwa kumanzere ndi kumanja ndi
  $0.756\; kN$

  0.756 kN iliyonse.

Kutsimikizira Kupindika ndi Kupatuka kwa Kapangidwe

Pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha mtanda, kupsinjika kwakukulu kopindika (

σ) imayesedwa motsutsana ndi mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka

215 N/mm2. Mawerengedwe akusonyeza kuti kupsinjika kopindika ndi kotetezeka kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupatuka kwa denga kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti denga lisagwedezeke komanso kusweka kwa zomaliza zapafupi. Kupatuka kwakukulu komwe kungaloledwe pansi pa mphamvu ya zivomerezi nthawi zambiri kumakhala

L/200 (komwe

L ndiye kutalika kwa nthawi). Kwa

Kutalika kwa 550 mm, kupotoka kololedwa ndi

2.75 mm.

Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu finite element deflection curve mu Chithunzi 3, deflection yayikulu kwambiri pansi pa katundu wonse imachitika bwino pakati pa beam (

0.275 m) ndipo imafika pamlingo wochepa

0.29 mm. Izi zili pansi kwambiri pa

Chigawo cha 2.75 mm, kutsimikizira kuti malo a Qinkai U amapereka kulimba kwapadera kwa kapangidwe kake.

Kukhulupirika kwa Zomangira ndi Kukhazikitsa Madera Otetezeka

Dongosolo lothandizira chivomerezi limakhala lolimba ngati chigwirizano chake chofooka kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake gulu la mainjiniya la Qinkai linachita zotsimikizira zonse zonyamula katundu pa zida zonse zomangira ndi zomangira. Ndodo zonse, maboluti a nangula, ndi mtedza zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo champhamvu cha Giredi 4.8.

Chongani Choyika Choyika ndi Chokulungira Ndodo:

• Mphamvu Yolimba Kwambiri pa Ndodo:
  $1.206\; kN$

  1.206 kN

• Malire Ovomerezeka a Ndodo Yokulungira ya Giredi 4.8 M10:
  $7.0\; kN$

  7.0 kN

• Malire Otetezeka: Mphamvu yeniyeni (
  $1.206\; kN$

  1.206 kN) ndi yochepera

  $17\%$

  17% ya mphamvu yovomerezeka ya ndodo, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chachikulu.

• Mphamvu Yolimba Kwambiri pa Anchor Bolt:
  $1.206\; kN$

  1.206 kN

• Malire Ovomerezeka a Kukanikiza kwa Giredi 4.8 M10 Anchor Bolt:
  $6.0\; kN$

  6.0 kN

• Malire Otetezeka: Boluti ya nangula imagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo
  $20\%$

  20% ya mphamvu yake yovomerezeka yokoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti simenti isatuluke.

Chongani Chometa Mtedza wa Hexagonal ndi Flat Fitting:

• Mphamvu Yochuluka pa Mtedza wa Hexagonal:
  $0.756\; kN$

  0.756 kN (Malire ololedwa:

  $7.0\; kN$

  7.0 kN)

• Mphamvu Yokwanira pa Zopangira Zathyathyathya:
  $0.756\; kN$

  0.756 kN (Malire ololedwa:

  $7.0\; kN$

  7.0 kN)

Popeza kuti kupsinjika konse ndi kupotoka kwake kuli pansi kwambiri pa malire apamwamba kwambiri a kapangidwe, lipoti la uinjiniya limamaliza ndi chidaliro cha 100% kuti mphamvu yonse yonyamula katundu ya ZJ-13 Bracket assembly ikutsatira kwathunthu malamulo achitetezo cha zivomerezi.