Menene Bambancin kuma Wanne Ya Kamata Ka Faɗa?

A cikin ƙayyadadden rarraba wutar lantarki, kalmomi kaɗan ne ke haifar da rudani kamar "tiren kebul" da "tsani na kebul." Kalmomin biyu galibi ana amfani da su a musayar ra'ayi akan zane-zane, a cikin takardun kuɗi, har ma a cikin kundin kayayyaki - duk da haka suna bayyana samfura daban-daban tare da dabaru daban-daban na tsari, halayen kaya daban-daban, da kuma wurare daban-daban na amfani. Bayyana wanda ba daidai ba yana nufin ko dai biyan kuɗin da ba kwa buƙata, ko shigar da tsarin da ba zai iya ɗaukar kebul ɗin da aka nemi ya ɗauka ba.

Bambancin da ake amfani da shi a jumla ɗaya: tsani na kebul tsari ne mai buɗewa na layukan gefe guda biyu waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar madaukai, waɗanda aka gina donmanyan kebul na wutar lantarkitsawon lokaci; tiren kebul wani babban iyali ne wanda ya haɗa da tsani, ƙasa mai ƙarfi, rami mai rami,tasharkumatsarin raga mai waya, tare da sassan irin tire (ƙasa mai ƙarfi ko rami) waɗanda suka dace da kebul mai kauri, mai sauƙi, ko mai sauƙin kamuwa da ƙura.

Wannan jagorar ta yi bayani game da kalmomin, bambance-bambancen tsarin, da kuma - mafi mahimmanci - yadda ake zaɓa tsakanin su a kan ainihin aikin.

Da farko, kalmomin: tsani nau'in tire ne

Kafin a kwatanta, dole ne a warware matsalar rarrabuwa. A cikin ƙa'idodin da ke kula da waɗannan samfuran - NEMA VE 1 a Arewacin Amurka da IEC 61537 a duk duniya - "tsarin tiren kebul" shine kalmar laima, kuma tiren irin tsani memba ne na wannan iyalin. Rukunan tiren da aka saba dasu sune:

• Nau'in tsani — layukan gefe guda biyu masu tsayi tare da layuka masu juyawa
• Ƙasa mai ƙarfi — ƙasan ƙarfe mai ci gaba da zare
• rami mai rami (wanda ke da iska) — ƙasa mai ramukan iska ko ramuka
• Nau'in tashar - siffa mai kunkuntar tsari guda ɗaya, wani lokacin ana kiransa layin dogo ɗaya
• Ramin waya (kwando) — grid ɗin waya mai walda, wani ƙarin da aka yi kwanan nan

Don haka idan injiniya ya ce "tiren kebul," suna iya nufin dukkan iyali ko - a cikin yaren wurin yau da kullun - wani yanki mai kama da tire mai ƙasa, sabanin tsani. Wannan labarin yana amfani da bambanci mai amfani: tsanin kebul da tsarin nau'in tire mai ƙarfi ko ƙasa mai ramuka, wanda shine kwatancen da ke haifar da yanke shawara kan takamaiman abubuwa.

Wane irin abu netsani na kebul is

Tsani na kebul ya ƙunshi layukan gefe guda biyu na C-profile waɗanda aka haɗa su da ramuka masu ratsawa a tazara na yau da kullun - yawanci tazara tsakanin mm 250 ko mm 300 - tare da juriyar sandunan da aka haɗa su da walda ko kuma aka haɗa su da injina a kan layukan. Tsarin buɗewa shine fasalin injiniyancinsa mai mahimmanci.

Tsarin ƙira yana bin kebul ɗin da yake amfani da shi. Kebulan wutar lantarki masu nauyi - masu ciyar da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki, manyan masu tura wutar lantarki masu sassa daban-daban - suna samar da zafi lokacin da aka ɗora su, kuma tsarin buɗewar wutar yana barin wannan zafi ya ɓace a kowane lokaci. Tsarin da ke da iska yana kuma ba wa masu shigarwa damar samun maki a kowane mataki, don haka za a iya ɗaure kebul a kowane lokaci ba tare da haƙa ba, kuma yana sa a ga kowace kebul don dubawa da bin diddigi a duk hanyar.

A tsarin tsari, tsani yana aiki kamar firam mai kama da truss. Dogayen layukan C-profile suna tsayayya da lanƙwasawa da karkacewa, wanda ke fassara zuwa tsayin tallafi da aka yarda da shi da kuma ƙimar nauyi mafi girma a kowane sashe fiye da membobin tire masu irin wannan nauyi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa tsani su ne zaɓin tsoho ga tashoshin wutar lantarki, tashoshin ƙasa, manyan masana'antu da, ƙari, rarraba wutar lantarki ta cibiyar bayanai, inda dole ne a tallafa wa dogayen hanyoyin manyan kebul ba tare da yawan tallafi mai yawa ba.

Takamaiman ƙayyadaddun matakan tsani - ta amfani da ƙarfe mai kauri da aka yi da ƙarfe mai zafi a matsayin ma'auni - suna gudana daga 200 mm zuwa 900 mm a faɗi, a cikin tsawon sassan mita 3 da mita 6 na yau da kullun, tare da tsayin layin gefe na 100 mm ko 150 mm da kuma matakin tsayi na 250 mm ko 300 mm. Ana buga ƙimar kaya a kowace faɗi, matakin tsayi da tazara na tallafi daidai da hanyoyin gwaji na NEMA VE 1 ko IEC 61537.

Mene ne tsarin nau'in tire?

Membobin da ke da irin tire - ƙasa mai ƙarfi da kuma rami - suna da alaƙa da layin gefe ɗaya amma suna ɗauke da ƙasa mai ci gaba ko rami tsakanin layin maimakon ramuka a buɗe.

Tire mai ƙarfi a ƙasan magudanar ruwa ce da aka rufe. Yana ba da mafi girman matakin kariya ta injiniya ga kebul ɗin da ke ciki, yana kare su daga tarkace, ruwa mai ɗigawa da kuma hulɗa ta yau da kullun, kuma yana ɗauke da harshen wuta mafi kyau a yanayin wuta idan aka sanya masa murfi da shingen wuta. Rashinsa shine zafi: zafi daga kebul mai ƙarfi ba shi da hanyar tserewa sai ta hanyar ƙarfe, don haka tsarin ƙasan magudanar ruwa yana buƙatar lissafin cika kebul mai tsauri kuma ba a cika amfani da shi ba don da'irar wutar lantarki mai nauyi.

Tiren da aka huda (wanda aka yi masa iska) shine abin da zai kawo cikas: ƙasan da aka huda da ramukan iska wanda ke ba da damar zubar da zafi kaɗan yayin da har yanzu yana ɗauke da kebul ɗin. Shi ne babban abin da ke taimakawa wajen daidaita wutar lantarki da kuma sarrafa iska, yana daidaita iskar da kariya, kuma ana amfani da shi a gine-ginen kasuwanci, masana'antun sarrafawa da kuma rarrabawar masana'antu gabaɗaya inda girman kebul ɗin yake da yawa amma girman kebul ɗin mutum ɗaya matsakaici ne.

Saboda sassan tire suna rarraba kaya a kan takardar da ke ci gaba da aiki maimakon madaukai daban-daban, sun dace da adadi mai yawa na ƙananan kebul - kayan aiki, sarrafawa, sadarwa da da'irori masu haske - inda adadin kebul ya fi muhimmanci fiye da nauyin kowane mai jagora guda ɗaya. Bambancin shine cewa ƙasa mai ci gaba tana ƙara kayan aiki, wanda ke sa tsarin nau'in tire ya fi nauyi kuma, a kowace mita, ya fi tsada fiye da tsani iri ɗaya - kuma wannan nauyin yana bayyana a cikin buƙatun tallafi.

Kwatanta kai-da-kai

Lokacin da za a ƙayyade tsani na kebul

Zaɓi tsani na kebul idan kebul na wutar lantarki ya mamaye gudu kuma abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci sune zafi, tsawon lokaci da kuma damar shiga:

• Cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, inda masu ciyar da wutar lantarki mai matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da manyan masu sarrafa wutar lantarki ke gudanar da dogayen hanyoyin sama
• Rarraba wutar lantarki a cibiyar bayanai, inda yawan kebul da ke sama da racks ke buƙatar wargaza zafi da kuma gina iska mai iska.
• Manyan wuraren masana'antu — injinan niƙa, ma'adanai, mai da iskar gas — inda manyan kebul da girgiza ke fifita ingantaccen gini mai buɗewa
• Duk wani aiki na dogon lokaci inda ƙarancin tallafi ke nufin ƙarancin farashin shigarwa

Lokacin da za a ƙayyadetsarin nau'in tire

Zaɓi tire mai ƙarfi ko rami mai rami lokacin da gudu ke ɗauke da ƙananan kebul, ko kuma lokacin da kariya ta fi zafi muhimmanci:

• Gine-ginen kasuwanci da na cibiyoyi, don sarrafawa, sadarwa da da'irori masu haske a wuraren hawa da rufin gidaje
• Cibiyoyin sarrafawa, don kayan aiki masu gauraya da kebul na sarrafawa inda ake buƙatar ɗaukar kaya da rarrabewa
• Wuraren da ƙura ke iya fallasawa ko kuma ruwa ke iya shiga, inda ƙasa mai ƙarfi ke kare igiyoyi daga digo ko faɗuwa daga abu
• Hanyoyi masu saurin kamuwa da wuta, inda ginawa mai ƙarfi da ƙasa mai murfi da shinge ke tallafawa rabawa

Kurakuran da aka saba gani

"Tsara zai iya yin duk abin da tire zai iya yi." Ba sosai ba. Tsani yana da kyau da kebul na wutar lantarki amma ba ya hana shi - ƙura, tarkace da digo-digo suna isa ga , kumaƙananan kebul na sarrafawazai iya yin tsalle tsakanin madaukai idan ba a ci gaba da tallafawa ba.

"Tire koyaushe yana da ƙarfi fiye da tsani." Akasin haka yawanci gaskiya ne ga kowane nau'in nauyi. Tsarin tsani mai kama da tsani yana ɗaukar kaya mafi girma fiye da tiren ƙasan takarda na kayan iri ɗaya.

"Ƙasa mai ƙarfi yana nufin kebul ɗin ya kasance mai sanyi." A'a. Tire-tushen ƙarfe masu ƙarfi suna kama zafi; ƙa'idodin rabon cikawa na IEC da NEMA suna nan daidai saboda wannan. Idan gudu yana da zafi, tsani a buɗe ko tire mai huda sosai shine zaɓi mafi aminci.

"Za ka iya haɗa su cikin sauƙi." Za ka iya, tare da na'urorin rage zafi da adaftar, kuma ayyuka da yawa suna yi - masana'anta na iya amfani da tsani don ciyar da wutar lantarki da kuma tiren da aka huda don da'irar sarrafawa. Mabuɗin shine ƙayyade kowane sashe don abin da yake ɗauka, da kuma samo kayan aikin sauyawa daga masana'anta ɗaya don tsarin ya kasance mai ci gaba ta hanyar injiniya da lantarki.

Babban layin ƙayyadadden bayani

Dokar zaɓi abu ne mai sauƙi: bari kebul ya yanke shawara. Kebul ɗin wutar lantarki mai nauyi a tsawon dogon zango tare da zafi don zubarwa yana nuna tsani na kebul. Yawancin ƙananan kebul masu buƙatar kariya suna nuna tsarin nau'in tire. Kuma saboda iyalai biyu dole ne su cika buƙatun gwaji da takardu iri ɗaya - NEMA VE 1, IEC 61537, tare da teburin kaya da takaddun shaida na kayan aiki - takaddun injiniyan mai samarwa yana da mahimmanci kamar nau'in samfurin.

Masana'antun da ke gina iyalai biyu zuwa ga mizani ɗaya, tare da kayan haɗin da suka dace da cikakkun takardu, suna sauƙaƙa yanke shawara: an ƙayyade tsarin a matsayin aiki ɗaya mai daidaituwa, kuma zaɓin tire-da-tsani ana yin shi sashe-sashe, bisa ga fannin injiniya, maimakon ta hanyar al'ada.