Kodi Kusiyana N'kutani Ndipo Ndi Chiyani Chomwe Muyenera Kutchula?

Mu mafotokozedwe amagetsi, mawu ochepa okha ndi omwe amachititsa chisokonezo monga "thireyi ya chingwe" ndi "makwerero a chingwe." Mawu awiriwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana pazithunzi, m'mabilu a zipangizo, komanso m'makatalogu ogulitsa - komabe amafotokoza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili ndi kapangidwe kosiyana, momwe katundu amagwirira ntchito mosiyana, komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Kutchula cholakwika kumatanthauza kulipira mphamvu yomwe simukufunikira, kapena kukhazikitsa makina omwe sangathe kunyamula zingwe zomwe akupemphedwa kunyamula.

Kusiyana kothandiza mu chiganizo chimodzi: makwerero a chingwe ndi kapangidwe kotseguka ka mizere iwiri yam'mbali yolumikizidwa ndi makwerero, omangidwa kutizingwe zamagetsi zolemeranthawi yayitali; thireyi ya chingwe ndi banja lalikulu lomwe limaphatikizapo makwerero, pansi olimba, mabowo obowoka, chidebe,njirandimakina a waya, yokhala ndi ziwalo zofanana ndi thireyi (pansi pake pali zobowola kapena zolimba) zoyenera mawaya okhuthala, opepuka, kapena okhudzidwa ndi fumbi.

Bukuli likufotokoza mawu ofotokozera, kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake, ndi - chofunika kwambiri - momwe mungasankhire pakati pawo pa ntchito yeniyeni.

Choyamba, mawu oti: makwerero ndi mtundu wa thireyi

Tisanayerekeze, funso lokhudza magulu liyenera kuthetsedwa. Mu miyezo yomwe imalamulira zinthuzi — NEMA VE 1 ku North America ndi IEC 61537 padziko lonse lapansi — “makina a thireyi ya chingwe” ndi mawu ofunikira, ndipo thireyi yamtundu wa makwerero ndi imodzi mwa mabanja amenewo. Magulu a thireyi wamba ndi awa:

• Mtundu wa makwerero — njanji ziwiri zam'mbali zotalika zokhala ndi mipiringidzo yopingasa
• Pansi yolimba — pansi yopitirira ya sheet-metal
• Chidebe chobowoledwa (chopumira mpweya) — pansi pake pali mabowo kapena mipata yopumira mpweya
• Mtundu wa njira — mbiri imodzi yopapatiza, nthawi zina yotchedwa njanji imodzi
• Wire mesh (basket) — welded wire grid, yowonjezera posachedwapa

Choncho mainjiniya akamanena kuti “thireyi ya chingwe,” angatanthauze banja lonse kapena — m’chinenero cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha malo — chiwalo chofanana ndi thireyi chokhala ndi pansi, mosiyana ndi makwerero. Nkhaniyi ikugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kothandiza: makwerero a chingwe poyerekeza ndi machitidwe amtundu wa thireyi okhala ndi pansi olimba kapena obowoka, komwe ndiko kufananiza komwe kumayendetsa zisankho zatsatanetsatane.

Kodi ndi chiyanimakwerero a chingwe is

Makwerero a chingwe amakhala ndi mizere iwiri ya mbali ya C-profile yolumikizidwa ndi mizere yopingasa nthawi ndi nthawi — nthawi zambiri mtunda wa 250 mm kapena 300 mm — ndi mizere yolimba yolumikizidwa kapena yolumikizidwa ndi makina ku mizere. Kapangidwe kotseguka ndiye kachitidwe kake kaukadaulo.

Kapangidwe kake kamatsatira zingwe zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Zingwe zolemera zamagetsi — zodyetsa zamagetsi apakati, zowongolera zamagetsi zazikulu — zimapanga kutentha zikakwezedwa, ndipo kapangidwe ka chitoliro chotseguka kamalola kutenthako kutuluka mosalekeza nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito. Kapangidwe kameneka kamaperekanso malo olumikizirana pa chitoliro chilichonse, kotero kuti zingwezo zitha kutetezedwa nthawi iliyonse popanda kubowola, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti chingwe chilichonse chiwonekere kuti chiziyang'aniridwa ndikutsatiridwa munjira yonse.

Mwa kapangidwe kake, makwerero amachita ngati chimango chonga truss. Ma rail akuya a C-profile amakana kupindika ndi kupotoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yothandizira komanso kuchuluka kwa katundu pagawo lililonse kuposa ziwalo za thireyi zolemera mofanana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makwerero ndi chisankho chokhazikika cha mafakitale amagetsi, malo osungiramo zinthu, mafakitale akuluakulu, komanso, mochulukira, kugawa mphamvu pakati pa data, komwe mawaya akuluakulu ayenera kuyendetsedwa nthawi yayitali popanda kuchuluka kwa chithandizo.

Mafotokozedwe a makwerero achizolowezi — pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chotentha choviikidwa ngati chizindikiro — amayambira pa 200 mm mpaka 900 mm m'lifupi, m'litali la magawo 3 m ndi 6 m, okhala ndi kutalika kwa njanji ya m'mbali ya 100 mm kapena 150 mm ndi mtunda wa mtunda wa 250 mm kapena 300 mm. Ma Rating a katundu amafalitsidwa pa mulifupi, mtunda wa mtunda wa mtunda ndi malo othandizira motsatira njira zoyesera za NEMA VE 1 kapena IEC 61537.

Kodi dongosolo la mtundu wa thireyi ndi lotani?

Ziwiya zamtundu wa thireyi — zokhazikika pansi ndi zobowoka — zimakhala ndi banja limodzi la njanji ya m'mbali koma zimakhala ndi pansi yopitirira kapena yobowoka pakati pa njanji m'malo mwa mipiringidzo yotseguka.

Thireyi yolimba pansi ndi chidebe chotsekedwa. Imapereka chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri cha makina kwa zingwe zomwe zili mkati, kuziteteza ku zinyalala zogwa, madzi otuluka komanso kukhudzana ndi zinthu wamba, ndipo imakhala ndi malawi a zingwe bwino pamoto ikayikidwa ndi zophimba moto. Vuto lake ndi kutentha: kutentha kuchokera ku zingwe zolimbikitsidwa sikuthawirako kupatula kudzera muchitsulo, kotero makina olimba pansi amafunika kuwerengera kudzaza zingwe mosamala ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamabwalo amphamvu odzaza kwambiri.

Thireyi yokhala ndi mabowo (yopumira mpweya) ndiyo yabwino kwambiri: pansi pake pali malo opumira mpweya omwe amalola kutentha pang'ono kutayikira pamene zingwezo zili mkati. Ndi njira yogwirira ntchito yosakanikirana mphamvu ndi kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu, kulinganiza kuyenda kwa mpweya ndi chitetezo, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zamalonda, m'mafakitale opangira zinthu komanso m'mafakitale ambiri komwe ma waya amakhala ambiri koma kukula kwa zingwezo kumakhala kochepa.

Popeza ziwalo za thireyi zimagawa katundu pa pepala lopitirira m'malo mwa mipiringidzo yosiyana, ndizoyenera kwambiri zingwe zazing'ono zambiri - zida, zowongolera, zolumikizirana ndi zowunikira - komwe kuwerengera kwa chingwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kulemera kwa kondakitala aliyense. Kusinthana ndikuti pansi lopitirira limawonjezera zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa makina amtundu wa thireyi kukhala olemera komanso, pa mita imodzi, okwera mtengo kuposa makwerero ofanana - ndipo kulemerako kumawonekera pazofunikira zothandizira.

Kuyerekeza maso ndi maso

Nthawi yoti mutchule makwerero a chingwe

Sankhani makwerero a chingwe pamene chingwecho chikuyendetsedwa ndi zingwe zamagetsi ndipo zofunika kwambiri ndi kutentha, kutalika ndi mwayi wofikira:

• Malo opangira magetsi ndi malo osinthira magetsi, komwe ma feeder apakati ndi ma conductor akuluakulu amagetsi amayendetsa njira zazitali pamwamba
• Kugawa mphamvu pakati pa deta, komwe ma cable ambiri pamwamba pa ma racks amafuna kutentha ndi mpweya wokwanira wopangidwa.
• Malo olemera a mafakitale — mphero, migodi, mafuta ndi gasi — komwe zingwe zazikulu ndi kugwedezeka zimapangitsa kuti nyumba ikhale yolimba komanso yotseguka
• Kugwira ntchito kulikonse kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumathandizira pang'ono kumatanthauza kuti mtengo woyikika ndi wotsika

Nthawi yoti mutchuledongosolo la mtundu wa thireyi

Sankhani thireyi yolimba pansi kapena yokhala ndi mabowo pamene chitolirocho chili ndi zingwe zazing'ono zambiri, kapena ngati chitetezo chili chofunika kwambiri kuposa kutentha:

• Nyumba zamalonda ndi za mabungwe, zowongolera, kulumikizana ndi kuunikira m'malo okwerera ndi padenga
• Zipangizo zogwirira ntchito, zolumikizira zida zosakanikirana ndi zingwe zowongolera komwe kumafunika kuletsa ndi kusiyanitsa
• Malo omwe fumbi kapena madzi amapezeka mosavuta, komwe pansi pake pali chotchinga cholimba chomwe chimateteza zingwe kuti zisagwe kapena kugwa.
• Njira zoyatsira moto, komwe zomangamanga zolimba zokhala ndi zophimba ndi zotchinga zimathandiza kuti pakhale malo ogawanika

Malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu ambiri amawaganizira

“Makwerero amatha kuchita chilichonse chomwe thireyi ingathe kuchita.” Sizokwanira. Makwerero amachita bwino kwambiri ndi zingwe zamagetsi koma sasunga zoletsa — fumbi, zinyalala ndi madontho amafika, ndipozingwe zazing'ono zowongoleraikhoza kugwedezeka pakati pa mipiringidzo ngati siichirikizidwa nthawi zonse.

“Thireyi nthawi zonse imakhala yolimba kuposa makwerero.” Zosiyana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoona pa kulemera kwa yuniti. Chimango chonga truss cha makwerero chimanyamula katundu wolemera kwambiri pa nthawi yayitali kuposa thireyi yofanana ndi pepala.

“Pansi polimba kumatanthauza kuti zingwe zimakhala zozizira.” Ayi. Mathireyi olimba amasunga kutentha; malamulo a IEC ndi NEMA odzaza ndi chiŵerengero alipo chifukwa cha izi. Ngati malo othamangirako ali ndi kutentha kwambiri, makwerero otseguka kapena thireyi yolowa mpweya wabwino ndiye chisankho chotetezeka.

"Mutha kuzisakaniza momasuka." Mutha, ndi zochepetsera ndi ma adapter, ndipo mapulojekiti ambiri amachita - fakitale ingagwiritse ntchito makwerero a ma feeder ake amagetsi ndi ma tray obowoka a ma circuit ake owongolera. Chofunika kwambiri ndikusankha gawo lililonse la zomwe limanyamula, ndikupeza zolumikizira zosinthira kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo kuti makinawo azikhalabe osasunthika pamakanika komanso zamagetsi.

Chidule cha specifications

Lamulo losankha ndi losavuta: lolani chingwecho chisankhe. Zingwe zolemera zamagetsi zomwe zimadutsa nthawi yayitali ndi kutentha kuti zigwere zimasonyeza makwerero a chingwe. Zingwe zazing'ono zambiri zomwe zimafunikira kusungidwa ndi kutetezedwa zimaloza ku dongosolo lofanana ndi thireyi. Ndipo chifukwa mabanja onsewa ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zofanana zoyeserera ndi zolemba - NEMA VE 1, IEC 61537, yokhala ndi matebulo olembetsedwa ndi ziphaso zazinthu - zolemba zaukadaulo za wogulitsa ndizofunikira kwambiri monga mtundu wa chinthucho.

Opanga omwe amamanga mabanja onse awiri pa muyezo womwewo, ndi zolumikizira zofanana komanso zikalata zonse, zimapangitsa chisankho kukhala chosavuta: dongosololi limatchulidwa ngati njira imodzi yogwirizana, ndipo kusankha pakati pa thireyi ndi makwerero kumapangidwa gawo ndi gawo, pamaziko aukadaulo, osati mwachizolowezi.