Uyini Umehluko Futhi Yikuphi Okufanele Ukucacise?

Ekuchazeni ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi, amagama ambalwa abangela ukudideka okukhulu njenge-“cable tray” kanye ne-“cable ladder.” La magama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana emidwebweni, ezinhlwini zezinto zokwakha, ngisho nasemakhathalogini abaphakeli — kodwa achaza imikhiqizo ehlukene ene-logic ehlukile yesakhiwo, ukuziphatha okuhlukile komthwalo, kanye nezindawo ezihlukile zokusetshenziswa. Ukucacisa elingalungile kusho ukukhokhela ikhono ongalidingi, noma ukufaka uhlelo olungakwazi ukuphatha izintambo oluceliwe ukuba luziphathe.

Umehluko ongokoqobo emushweni owodwa: ileli yekhebula liyisakhiwo esivulekile semizila emibili eseceleni exhunywe ngama-rung, eyakhelweizintambo zikagesi ezisindayoisikhathi eside; ithreyi yekhebula umndeni obanzi ohlanganisa iladi, iphansi eliqinile, elinezimbobo, umkhombe,isiteshifuthiizinhlelo ze-wire-mesh, enamalungu afana nethreyi (ingxenye engezansi eqinile noma enezimbobo) afanelekela izintambo eziqinile, ezilula, noma ezizwela uthuli.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza amagama asetshenziswayo, umehluko wesakhiwo, kanye - okubaluleke kakhulu - nendlela yokukhetha phakathi kwawo kuphrojekthi yangempela.

Okokuqala, amagama asetshenziswayo: isitebhisi uhlobo lwethreyi

Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa, umbuzo wokuhlukanisa kufanele uxazululwe. Ezindinganisweni ezilawula le mikhiqizo — i-NEMA VE 1 eNyakatho Melika kanye ne-IEC 61537 emhlabeni jikelele — “uhlelo lwethreyi yekhebula” yigama elihlanganisa konke, kanti ithreyi yohlobo lweladi iyilungu elilodwa lalowo mndeni. Izigaba zethreyi ezijwayelekile yilezi:

• Uhlobo lwezitebhisi — imigqa emibili eseceleni ende enemigqa evundlile
• Iphansi eliqinile — iphansi eliqhubekayo leshidi nensimbi
• Umkhombe onezimbobo (ongenisa umoya) — phansi onezimbobo noma izikhala zokungenisa umoya
• Uhlobo lwesiteshi — iphrofayili eyodwa encane, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi isitimela esisodwa
• I-Wire mesh (ibhasikidi) — igridi yensimbi ehlanganisiwe, okungeziwe okusha uma kuqhathaniswa

Ngakho-ke uma unjiniyela ethi “ithreyi yekhebula,” angase asho umndeni wonke noma — ngolimi lwansuku zonke lwesayithi — ilungu lesitayela sethreyi elinephansi, ngokungafani neleli. Lesi sihloko sisebenzisa umehluko osebenzayo: ithreyi yekhebula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zohlobo lwethreyi ezinephansi eliqinile noma elinezimbobo, okuwukuqhathanisa okuqhuba izinqumo zokucacisa.

Iniileli yekhebula is

Iladi lekhebula liqukethe imigqa emibili eseceleni ye-C-profile ehlanganiswe imigqa evundlile ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile — ngokuvamile isikhala esingu-250 mm noma 300 mm — lapho imigqa iphikiswana noma ishukunyiswa ngomshini iye kumigqa. Ukwakhiwa okuvulekile kuyisici sayo sobunjiniyela esichazayo.

Umqondo womklamo ulandela izintambo ezisebenza kuzo. Izintambo zamandla ezisindayo — iziphakeli ze-medium-voltage, iziphakeli zamandla ezinkulu ezinqamula isigaba — zikhiqiza ukushisa uma zilayishwa, futhi isakhiwo se-open rung sivumela lokho kushisa ukuthi kuphume njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwakhiwa okunomoya ongenisayo kunikeza abafaki izindawo zokubopha kuzo zonke izintambo, ukuze izintambo ziboshwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kokubhoboza, futhi kugcina yonke intambo ibonakala ukuze ihlolwe futhi ilandelwe kuyo yonke indlela.

Ngokwesakhiwo, ileli lisebenza njengohlaka olufana ne-truss. Ama-rails ajulile e-C-profile ayamelana nokugoba nokusonta, okuhunyushwa kube yizikhathi zokusekela ezinde ezivunyelwe kanye nezilinganiso zomthwalo eziphakeme ngesigaba ngasinye kunamalungu e-tray anesisindo esifanayo. Yingakho amaleli eyindlela ezenzakalelayo yezitshalo zamandla, iziteshi ezincane, imboni esindayo kanye, ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwamandla esikhungo sedatha, lapho ukuhamba okude kwezintambo ezinkulu kufanele kusekelwe ngaphandle kobuningi bokusekela ngokweqile.

Imininingwane ejwayelekile yeladi — kusetshenziswa insimbi egobile eshisayo njengereferensi — iqala ku-200 mm kuya ku-900 mm ububanzi, ngobude obujwayelekile besigaba esingamamitha amathathu namamitha ayi-6, nokuphakama kwesitimela esiseceleni okungu-100 mm noma 150 mm kanye ne-rung pitch engu-250 mm noma 300 mm. Izilinganiso zomthwalo zishicilelwa ngobubanzi, i-rung pitch kanye nesikhala sokusekela ngokuhambisana nezindlela zokuhlola ze-NEMA VE 1 noma i-IEC 61537.

Iyini uhlelo olufana nethreyi

Amalungu afana nohlobo lwethreyi — angaphansi okuqinile kanye nanezimbobo — abelana ngomndeni ofanayo wesitimela esiseceleni kodwa aphethe iphansi eliqhubekayo noma elinezimbobo phakathi kwesitimela esikhundleni sezitebhisi ezivulekile.

Ithreyi elingaphansi eliqinile liyimbiza evaliwe. Linikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa kwemishini kwezintambo ezingaphakathi, lizivikela ekuwa kwemfucumfucu, uketshezi oluconsayo kanye nokuxhumana okuvamile, futhi liqukethe amalangabi ekhebula kangcono ezimweni zomlilo uma lifakwe izembozo nezithiyo zomlilo. Inkinga yalo ukushisa: ukushisa okuvela ezintanjeni ezinikwe amandla akunandlela yokuphuma ngaphandle kokudlula ensimbini, ngakho-ke izinhlelo ezingaphansi eziqinile zidinga ukubalwa kokugcwalisa ikhebula okulondoloziwe futhi azivamile ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe kagesi alayishwe kakhulu.

Ithreyi ebhoboziwe (enomoya) iyisiphetho: phansi ebhobozwe ngezikhala zokungenisa umoya ezivumela ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuyingxenye ngenkathi isaphethe izintambo. Yindlela yokusebenza yamandla axubile kanye nokulawula, ukulinganisela ukuhamba komoya nokuvikelwa, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, ezitshalweni zenqubo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezimboni okuvamile lapho ivolumu yezintambo iphezulu kodwa ubukhulu bezintambo ngazinye buphakathi.

Ngenxa yokuthi amalungu etreyi asabalalisa umthwalo eshidini eliqhubekayo kunezitebhisi ezihlukene, afaneleka kahle ezintanjeni eziningi ezincane — izinsimbi, ukulawula, ukuxhumana kanye nezibani — lapho inani lekhebula libaluleke kakhulu kunesisindo sanoma yisiphi isicubu somqhubi oyedwa. Inzuzo ukuthi iphansi eliqhubekayo lengeza izinto, okwenza izinhlelo zohlobo lwetreyi zibe nzima futhi, ngemitha, zibize kakhulu kuneladi elilinganayo — nokuthi isisindo sibonakala ezidingweni zokusekela.

Ukuqhathanisa ubuso nobuso

Nini ukucacisa ileli yekhebula

Khetha ileli yekhebula uma ukugijima kugcwele izintambo zikagesi futhi izinto eziza kuqala ukushisa, ubude kanye nokufinyelela:

• Izitshalo zikagesi kanye neziteshi ezincane, lapho iziphakeli ze-medium-voltage kanye neziqhubi zikagesi ezinkulu zigijima khona imizila emide ephezulu
• Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla esikhungo sedatha, lapho ubuningi bekhebula obuphezulu ngaphezu kwama-racks budinga ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kanye nokwakhiwa komoya ongenisa umoya
• Izakhiwo zezimboni ezisindayo — izimayini, izimayini, uwoyela negesi — lapho izintambo ezinkulu nokudlidliza kuthanda isakhiwo esiqinile nesivulekile
• Noma yikuphi ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside lapho izisekelo ezimbalwa zisho izindleko eziphansi ezifakiwe

Nini ukucacisauhlelo lohlobo lwethreyi

Khetha ithileyi elingaphansi eliqinile noma elinezimbobo lapho ukugijima kuthwala izintambo eziningi ezincane, noma lapho ukuvikela kubaluleke kakhulu kunokushisa:

• Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano nezezikhungo, zokulawula, ukuxhumana kanye nezibani ezindaweni zokuphakamisa kanye nophahla
• Izitshalo zokucubungula, zezinsimbi ezixubile kanye nezintambo zokulawula lapho kudingeka khona ukuvimbela kanye nokuhlukanisa
• Izindawo ezivame ukungcola noma ezitholakala kalula othulini, lapho isisekelo esiqinile sivikela khona izintambo ezintweni ezivuzayo noma eziwayo
• Imizila ezwela umlilo, lapho ukwakhiwa okuqinile okunezembozo nezithiyo kusekela ukuhlukaniswa

Imibono eyiphutha evamile

“Iladi lingenza konke okungenziwa yithreyi.” Akunjalo neze. Izitebhisi zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngezintambo zikagesi kodwa azinawo amandla okuvimba — uthuli, imfucumfucu kanye namaconsi kufinyelela ku-, futhiizintambo zokulawula ezincaneingaguqa phakathi kwezigaba uma ingasekelwa njalo.

“Ithreyi lihlala liqinile kuneleli.” Okuphambene nalokho kuvame ukuba yiqiniso ngesisindo seyunithi ngayinye. Uhlaka olufana ne-truss yeleli luthwala imithwalo ephezulu ngezikhathi ezinde kunethreyi engaphansi kweshidi elenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo.

“Iphansi eliqinile lisho ukuthi izintambo zihlala zipholile.” Cha. Amathileyi aphansi aqinile abamba ukushisa; imithetho ye-IEC kanye ne-NEMA yokugcwalisa isilinganiso ikhona ngenxa yalokhu. Uma ukugijima kugcwele ukushisa, ileli elivulekile noma ithileyi elinomoya omuhle kuyindlela ephephile.

“Ungazixuba ngokukhululeka.” Ungakwazi, ngezinciphisi kanye nama-adapter, futhi amaphrojekthi amaningi ayakwenza lokho — isitshalo singasebenzisa amaladi eziphakeli zaso zamandla kanye namathileyi anezimbobo kumasekethe aso okulawula. Isihluthulelo ukucacisa ingxenye ngayinye ngalokho ekuthwalayo, nokuthola izinto zokushintsha ezivela kumkhiqizi ofanayo ukuze uhlelo luhlale luqhubeka ngomshini nangogesi.

Incazelo emfushane

Umthetho wokukhetha ulula: vumela ikhebula linqume. Izintambo zamandla ezisindayo ezisebenza isikhathi eside ezinokushisa ukuze zichithe zikhomba ileli yekhebula. Inani elikhulu lezintambo ezincane ezidinga ukugcinwa nokuvikelwa likhomba ohlelweni olufana nethreyi. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi imindeni yomibili kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezifanayo zokuhlolwa kanye nemibhalo - i-NEMA VE 1, IEC 61537, enamatafula okulayisha ashicilelwe kanye nezitifiketi zezinto zokwakha - imibhalo yobunjiniyela yomhlinzeki ibaluleke kakhulu njengohlobo lomkhiqizo.

Abakhiqizi abakha imindeni yomibili ngokwezinga elifanayo, ngokufakwa okufanelanayo kanye namadokhumenti aphelele, benza isinqumo sibe lula: uhlelo luchazwe njengohlelo olulodwa oluhambisanayo, kanti ukukhetha ithreyi-ukuphikisana neladi kwenziwa isigaba ngesigaba, ngezizathu zobunjiniyela, kunokuba kube ngokomkhuba.