Yintoni umahluko kwaye yintoni omele uyicacise?

Kwinkcazelo yokusasazwa kombane, amagama ambalwa abangela ukudideka okufana “netreyi yekhebula” kunye “neleli yekhebula.” La magama mabini adla ngokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshana kwimizobo, kwiibhili zezinto, nakwiikhathalogu zababoneleli — kodwa achaza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezinengqiqo eyahlukileyo yesakhiwo, indlela eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha komthwalo, kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ukuchaza elingalunganga kuthetha ukuhlawulela amandla ongawadingiyo, okanye ukufaka inkqubo engakwaziyo ukuphatha iintambo ezicelwe ukuba zithwalwe.

Umahluko osebenzayo kwisivakalisi esinye: ileli yentambo sisakhiwo esivulekileyo seereyile ezimbini ezisecaleni ezidityaniswe ngamanqwanqwa, esakhelweiintambo zamandla ezinzimaixesha elide; itreyi yekhebula lusapho olubanzi oluquka ileli, isiseko esiqinileyo, imingxuma, umkhombe,itshanelikwayeiinkqubo ze-wire-mesh, kunye namalungu afana netreyi (umzantsi oqinileyo okanye onemingxuma) alungele iintambo ezixineneyo, ezikhaphukhaphu, okanye ezithintela uthuli.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza isigama, umahluko kwisakhiwo, kwaye - okona kubaluleke kakhulu - indlela yokukhetha phakathi kwazo kwiprojekthi yokwenyani.

Okokuqala, isigama: ileli luhlobo lwetreyi

Ngaphambi kokuba uthelekise, umbuzo wohlulo kufuneka ulungiswe. Kwimigangatho elawula ezi mveliso — i-NEMA VE 1 eMntla Melika kunye ne-IEC 61537 kwihlabathi liphela — “inkqubo yetreyi yekhebula” ligama elibanzi, kwaye itreyi yohlobo lweleli lilungu elinye losapho. Iindidi zetreyi ezisemgangathweni zezi:

• Uhlobo lweleli — iireli ezimbini ezisecaleni ezinde ezineemigangatho enqamlezileyo
• Isiseko esiqinileyo — isiseko esiqhubekayo seshiti-yesinyithi
• Umkhombe oneembobo (ongenisa umoya) — umzantsi onemingxuma okanye izithuba zokungenisa umoya
• Uhlobo lwetshaneli — iprofayili enye emxinwa, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi-single rail
• I-Wire mesh (ibhaskithi) — igridi yentambo edibeneyo, eyongeziweyo yakutshanje

Ngoko ke xa injineli isithi “itreyi yekhebula,” isenokuthetha usapho lonke okanye — kulwimi lwemihla ngemihla lwesiza — ilungu elifana netreyi elinezantsi, ngokungafaniyo neleli. Eli nqaku lisebenzisa umahluko osebenzayo: ileli yekhebula ngokuchasene neenkqubo zohlobo lwetreyi ezinezantsi eziqinileyo okanye ezineembobo, olu luthelekiso oluqhuba izigqibo zeenkcukacha.

Yintoni iileli yentambo is

Ileli yentambo ineereli ezimbini ezisecaleni ze-C-profile ezidityaniswe neereli ezinqamlezileyo ngamaxesha athile — ngesiqhelo isithuba se-250 mm okanye i-300 mm — kunye neereli ezichaseneyo — ezidityaniswe okanye ezijijelwe ngoomatshini kwiireli. Ulwakhiwo oluvulekileyo luphawu lwayo lobunjineli olucacileyo.

Ingqiqo yoyilo ilandela iintambo ezisebenza kuzo. Iintambo zamandla ezinzima — ii-feeders ze-medium-voltage, ii-cross-section power conductors ezinkulu — zivelisa ubushushu xa zilayishwa, kwaye isakhiwo se-open rung sivumela ukuba ubushushu buphume rhoqo ngexesha lonke. Ulwakhiwo olunomoya lukwanika abafaki iindawo zokubethelela kwi-rung nganye, ukuze iintambo zikhuseleke nakweyiphi na indawo ngaphandle kokubhoboza, kwaye igcina zonke iintambo zibonakala ukuze zihlolwe kwaye zilandelelwe kuyo yonke indlela.

Ngokwesakhiwo, ileli isebenza njengesakhelo esifana ne-truss. Iireyile ezinzulu ze-C-profile ziyamelana nokugoba nokujika, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ziindawo ezinde ezivumelekileyo zokuxhasa kunye nokulinganiswa komthwalo okuphezulu ngecandelo ngalinye kunamalungu etreyi anobunzima obufanayo. Yingakho iileli ziyindlela ekhethwayo yezityalo zamandla, izitishi ezincinci, amashishini amakhulu kunye, ngakumbi, ukusasazwa kwamandla kwiziko ledatha, apho ukuhamba okude kweentambo ezinkulu kufuneka kuxhaswe ngaphandle koxinzelelo olukhulu lwenkxaso.

Iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo zeleli — kusetyenziswa intsimbi eshushu egalelweyo njengesalathiso — ziqala kwi-200 mm ukuya kwi-900 mm ububanzi, kubude obuqhelekileyo be-3 m kunye ne-6 m, kunye nokuphakama kwereyile esecaleni kwe-100 mm okanye i-150 mm kunye ne-rung pitch ye-250 mm okanye i-300 mm. Uvavanyo lomthwalo lupapashwa ngobubanzi, i-rung pitch kunye nesithuba senkxaso ngokuhambelana neendlela zovavanyo ze-NEMA VE 1 okanye i-IEC 61537.

Yintoni inkqubo efana netreyi

Amalungu afana netreyi — asezantsi aqinileyo nanemingxuma — abelana ngosapho olufanayo lwereyile esecaleni kodwa aphethe umzantsi oqhubekekayo okanye onemingxuma phakathi kweereyile endaweni yeereyi ezivulekileyo.

Itreyi esezantsi ivalekile. Ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu lwezixhobo kwiintambo ezingaphakathi, izikhusela kwimfucumfucu ewayo, ulwelo oluvuzayo kunye nokudibana okungacwangciswanga, kwaye iqulathe amadangatye eentambo ngcono kwiimeko zomlilo xa ifakwe izigqubuthelo kunye nezithintelo zomlilo. Ingxaki yayo kukufudumala: ubushushu obuvela kwiintambo ezisebenza ngamandla abunandlela yokuphuma ngaphandle kokudlula kwisinyithi, ngoko ke iinkqubo ezisezantsi zifuna ukubalwa kokuzaliswa kweentambo ngendlela egcina indalo kwaye azisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiisekethe zamandla ezithwele kakhulu.

Itreyi eneembobo (engena umoya) yeyona nto ifanelekileyo: isezantsi eneembobo zokungenisa umoya ezivumela ukuchithwa kobushushu obuncinci ngelixa isaqulathe iintambo. Yindlela yokusebenza yamandla adibeneyo kunye nokusebenza kolawulo, ukulinganisela ukuhamba komoya kunye nokhuseleko, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, kwizityalo zokucwangcisa kunye nokusasazwa ngokubanzi kwemizi-mveliso apho umthamo weentambo uphezulu kodwa ubungakanani beentambo nganye buphakathi.

Ngenxa yokuba amalungu etreyi asasaza umthwalo kwishiti eqhubekayo kunee-rungs ezizimeleyo, afanelekile kakhulu kwiintambo ezincinci ezininzi - izixhobo, ulawulo, unxibelelwano kunye neesekethe zokukhanyisa - apho inani leentambo libaluleke ngaphezu kobunzima bomqhubi omnye. Inzuzo kukuba isiseko esiqhubekayo songeza izinto, nto leyo eyenza iinkqubo zohlobo lwetreyi zibe nzima kwaye, ngemitha, zibize kakhulu kuneleli efanayo - kwaye ubunzima bubonakala kwiimfuno zenkxaso.

Uthelekiso phakathi kwentloko nentloko

Ixesha lokuchaza ileli yekhebula

Khetha ileli yentambo xa indlela yokusebenza ilawulwa ziintambo zombane kwaye izinto eziza kuqala zibubushushu, ubude kunye nokufikelela:

• Izityalo zamandla kunye nezikhululo zamandla, apho ii-feeders ze-medium-voltage kunye nee-power conductors ezinkulu zihamba ngeendlela ezinde eziphezulu
• Ukusasazwa kwamandla kwiziko ledatha, apho uxinano olukhulu lweentambo ngaphezulu kweerakhi lufuna ukuchithwa kobushushu kunye nokwakhiwa komoya
• Izakhiwo zoshishino ezinzima — iifektri, imigodi, ioyile negesi — apho iintambo ezinkulu kunye nokungcangcazela kuthanda isakhiwo esomeleleyo nesivulekileyo
• Naluphi na uhlobo lwexesha elide apho inkxaso incinci khona kuthetha ukuba iindleko ezifakiweyo ziphantsi.

Nini ukucacisainkqubo yohlobo lwetreyi

Khetha itreyi enomzantsi oqinileyo okanye enemingxuma xa intambo ithwala iintambo ezininzi ezincinci, okanye xa ukhuseleko lubaluleke ngaphezu kobushushu:

• Izakhiwo zorhwebo neziko, zolawulo, unxibelelwano kunye neesekethe zokukhanyisa kwiindawo zokunyusela kunye neendawo zophahla
• Izityalo zokucwangcisa, zezixhobo ezixutyiweyo kunye neentambo zokulawula apho kufuneka khona ukugcinwa kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa
• Iindawo ezinothuli okanye ezichaphaza ulwelo, apho umzantsi oqinileyo ukhusela iintambo kwizinto ezivuzayo okanye eziwayo
• Iindlela ezithintela umlilo, apho ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo olunezigqubuthelo kunye nezithintelo zixhasa ukwahlulwahlulwa

Iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga eziqhelekileyo

“Ileli ingenza yonke into enokwenziwa yitreyi.” Ayilunganga kangako. Izileli zibalasele ngeentambo zombane kodwa azinazo izithintelo — uthuli, inkunkuma kunye namaconsi afikelela kwi-, kwayeiintambo zokulawula ezincinciinokutyibilika phakathi kwemigangatho ukuba ayixhaswa rhoqo.

“Itreyi isoloko inamandla kuneleli.” Okuchaseneyo kudla ngokuba njalo ngobunzima beyunithi nganye. Isakhelo esifana ne-truss yeleli sithwala imithwalo ephezulu kwiindawo ezinde kunetreyi engaphantsi kweshiti enezinto ezifanayo.

“I-solid bottom ithetha ukuba iintambo zihlala zipholile.” Hayi. Iitreyi ezi-solid bottom zibamba ubushushu; imithetho ye-IEC kunye ne-NEMA fill-ratio ikhona ngenxa yoku. Ukuba indlela yokubaleka ilawulwa bubushushu, ileli evulekileyo okanye itreyi eneembobo ezivulekileyo yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo.

“Ungazixuba ngokukhululekileyo.” Ungazixuba ngokukhululekileyo, ngee-reducers kunye nee-adapters, kwaye iiprojekthi ezininzi ziyakwenza oko — isityalo singasebenzisa iiladders kwii-power feeders zaso kunye neetreyi ezineembobo kwiisekethe zaso zolawulo. Isitshixo kukuchaza icandelo ngalinye ngento eliyithwalayo, kunye nokufuna izixhobo zotshintsho kumenzi omnye ukuze inkqubo ihlale iqhubeka ngoomatshini nangombane.

Isiphelo senkcazo

Umgaqo wokukhetha ulula: vumela intambo ikhethe. Iintambo zamandla ezinzima ezithatha ixesha elide kunye nobushushu ukuze zichitheke zikhomba ileli yentambo. Inani elikhulu leentambo ezincinci ezifuna ukugqunywa kunye nokukhuselwa zikhomba kwinkqubo efana netreyi. Kwaye kuba zombini iintsapho kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezifanayo zovavanyo kunye namaxwebhu - i-NEMA VE 1, IEC 61537, kunye neetafile zomthwalo ezipapashiweyo kunye nezatifikethi zezinto - amaxwebhu obunjineli bomthengisi abaluleke kakhulu njengohlobo lwemveliso.

Abavelisi abakha zombini iintsapho kumgangatho ofanayo, benezinto ezihambelanayo kunye namaxwebhu apheleleyo, benza isigqibo sibe lula: inkqubo ichazwe njengendlela enye ehambelanayo, kwaye ukhetho lwetreyi-nxamnye neleli lwenziwa kwicandelo ngecandelo, ngokweziseko zobunjineli, kunokuba kube ngumkhwa.