He aha te rerekētanga, ā, ko tēhea me tohu e koe?

I roto i ngā whakatakotoranga tohatoha hiko, he iti noa ngā kupu e whakapoauau ana i te kupu "tire taura" me te "aratohu taura." He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia ēnei kupu e rua i roto i ngā tuhi, i roto i ngā pire rauemi, tae atu ki ngā putumōhio a ngā kaiwhakarato - engari e whakaahua ana i ngā hua rerekē me ngā ariā hanganga rerekē, ngā whanonga kawenga rerekē, me ngā wāhi pai tono rerekē. Ko te tohu i te mea hē ko te utu mō te kaha kāore e hiahiatia ana e koe, te tāuta rānei i tētahi pūnaha kāore e taea te whakahaere i ngā taura e tonoa ana kia mauria e ia.

Ko te rerekētanga mahi i roto i te rerenga kotahi: he hanganga tuwhera te arawhata taura o ngā reera taha e rua e honoa ana e ngā kaupae, i hangaia mōngā taura hiko taumahamō ngā whāititanga roa; he whānau whānui te paepae taura e uru ana ki te arawhata, te raro totoka, te poka, te awaawa,hongeremengā pūnaha waea-mata, me ngā wāhanga āhua paepae (papa totoka, papa kōhao rānei) e tika ana mō ngā taura matotoru, māmā ake, tairongo puehu rānei.

E whakamārama ana tēnei aratohu i ngā kupu, ngā rerekētanga hanganga, me te mea nui ake - me pēhea te whiriwhiri i waenga i ēnei i roto i tētahi kaupapa tūturu.

Tuatahi, ko te kupu: he momo paepae te arawhata

I mua i te whakatairite, me whakatau te pātai whakarōpūtanga. I roto i ngā paerewa e whakahaere ana i ēnei hua — NEMA VE 1 i Amerika Te Raki me IEC 61537 i te ao whānui — ko te "pūnaha paepae taura" te kupu matua, ā, ko te paepae momo arawhata tētahi mema o taua whānau. Ko ngā kāwai paepae paerewa ko:

• Momo arawhata — e rua ngā reera taha roa me ngā papa whakarara
• Papa totoka — he papa whakarewa tonu
• He poka whakapūhau (he hauhautanga) — he raro me ngā kōhao, ngā mokowā rānei mō te hauhautanga
• Momo awaawa — he kōtaha whaiti kotahi, e kiia ana i ētahi wā he ara kotahi
• Mata waea (kete) — he mata waea kua whakarewaina, he tāpiritanga hou noa iho

Nō reira, ina kī te miihini "tere taura," ko te tikanga pea ko te whānau katoa, ko te whānau katoa rānei — i roto i te reo o ia rā — he mema āhua-tere me te raro, kaua ki te arawhata. E whakamahi ana tēnei tuhinga i te rerekētanga mahi: te arawhata taura me ngā pūnaha momo-tere me ngā raro totoka, pokaia rānei, koinei te whakataurite e ārahi ana i ngā whakataunga whakatakotoranga.

He aha tearawhata taura is

He arawhata taura kei roto i ngā reera taha e rua he kōtaha-C e honoa ana e ngā kaupae whakawhiti i ngā wā pūmau — he 250 mm, he 300 mm rānei te tawhiti — me ngā kaupae he mea whakarewa ātete, he mea whakapiko rānei mā te mīhini ki ngā reera. Ko te hanganga tuwhera te āhuatanga hangarau matua.

Ka whai te hoahoa i ngā taura e whakamahia ana e ia. Ka whakaputahia te wera e ngā taura hiko taumaha — ngā whāngai hiko waenga-ngaohiko, ngā kaikawe hiko whakawhiti-wāhanga nui — ina utaina, ā, mā te hanganga kaupae tuwhera ka taea e taua wera te puta tonu i te roanga o te oma. Mā te hanganga hauhautanga hoki ka taea e ngā kaiwhakauru te here i ia kaupae, kia taea ai te mau i ngā taura i tētahi wāhi me te kore e keri, ā, ka kitea tonutia ia taura mō te tirotiro me te whai i te huarahi katoa.

I roto i te hanganga, he rite te mahi a te arawhata ki te anga whakarara. Ka ātete ngā reera kōtaha-C hōhonu ki te piko me te takahuri, ka roa ake te tautoko e whakaaetia ana, ā, ka teitei ake ngā whakatauranga kawenga mō ia wāhanga i ngā mema paepae he rite te taumaha. Koia te take he kōwhiringa taunoa ngā arawhata mō ngā tipu hiko, ngā teihana hiko, ngā ahumahi taumaha, ā, e piki haere ana te tohatoha hiko o ngā pokapū raraunga, me tautoko ngā taura roa o runga me te kore e nui rawa te tautoko.

Ko ngā whakatakotoranga arawhata noa — mā te whakamahi i te maitai whakarewa wera hei tohutoro — e rere ana mai i te 200 mm ki te 900 mm te whānui, i roto i ngā roa wāhanga paerewa 3 m me te 6 m, me te teitei o te reera taha 100 mm, 150 mm rānei, me te teitei o te kaupae 250 mm, 300 mm rānei. Ka whakaputaina ngā whakatauranga kawenga mō ia whānui, te teitei o te kaupae me te mokowā tautoko i runga anō i ngā tikanga whakamātautau NEMA VE 1, IEC 61537 rānei.

He aha te pūnaha momo-tere

Ko ngā wāhanga momo paepae — he papa totoka, he papa kōhao — he whānau reera taha kotahi engari he papa tonu, he papa kōhao rānei kei waenganui i ngā reera, kaua ki ngā papa tuwhera.

He awa kati te paepae raro-totoka. Mā tēnei ka whakaratohia te taumata teitei o te tiaki ā-ringa mō ngā taura o roto, ka tiakina mai i ngā paru e hinga ana, ngā wai e maturuturu ana, me te pā noa, ā, ka pai ake te pupuri i ngā mura taura i roto i ngā āhuatanga ahi ina whakauruhia he taupoki me ngā ārai ahi. Ko tōna ngoikoretanga ko te werawera: kāore he ara mawhiti o te wera mai i ngā taura hiko engari mā te konganuku anake, nō reira me whai tataunga whakakī taura ngā pūnaha raro-totoka, ā, he onge te whakamahi mō ngā ara iahiko hiko taumaha.

Ko te paepae poka (hauā) te mea tino pai: he raro kua pokaia ki ngā mokowā hauā e taea ai te marara te wera i te wā e mau tonu ana ngā taura. Koinei te mea tino pai mō te mana whakauru me te whakahaere, e whakataurite ana i te rere o te hau me te tiaki, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whare arumoni, i ngā whare tukatuka me te tohatoha ahumahi whānui kei reira te rahi o ngā taura engari he taurite te rahi o ngā taura takitahi.

Nā te mea ka tohatohahia e ngā mema o te paepae te kawenga puta noa i tētahi rau tonu, kaua ki ngā taumata motuhake, he pai rawa atu ēnei mō te maha o ngā taura iti ake — ngā taputapu, ngā ara iahiko whakahaere, ngā ara iahiko whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te rama — ina nui ake te hiranga o te maha o ngā taura i te taumaha o tētahi kaiārahi kotahi. Ko te painga ko te tāpiri rauemi mai i te raro tonu, ka taumaha ake ngā pūnaha momo paepae, ā, mō ia mita, ka nui ake te utu i tētahi arawhata ōrite — ā, ka puta taua taumaha i roto i ngā whakaritenga tautoko.

Whakataurite upoko-ki-upoko

Āhea te wā e tohua ai he arawhata taura

Kōwhiria he arawhata taura ina he nui ngā taura hiko e rere ana, ā, ko ngā mea nui ko te wera, te whānui me te urunga:

• Ngā tipu hiko me ngā teihana hiko iti, te wāhi e rere ai ngā kaiwhāngai hiko-waenga me ngā kaikawe hiko nui i ngā ara roa i runga ake i te whenua.
• Te tohatoha hiko o te pokapū raraunga, ina hiahiatia he marara wera me te hanganga hauhautanga mō ngā taura teitei i runga ake i ngā whata.
• Ngā whare ahumahi taumaha — ngā mira, ngā maina, te hinu me te hau — e pai ai te hanganga pakari, tuwhera mā ngā taura nui me te wiri.
• Tetahi oma roa e iti ake ai ngā tautoko, he iti ake te utu tāutanga

Āhea te wā hei tohu i tētahipūnaha momo-tere

Kōwhiria he paepae papa totoka, he paepae poka rānei ina he maha ngā taura iti kei runga i te papa, ina rānei he mea nui ake te tiaki i te wera:

• Ngā whare arumoni me ngā whare whakahaere, mō te whakahaere, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā ara iahiko rama i roto i ngā tuanui me ngā wāhi tuanui
• Ngā whare tukatuka, mō ngā taputapu whakauru me ngā taura whakahaere ina hiahiatia te pupuri me te wehewehe
• Ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te puehu, e pāngia ana rānei e te wai, e tiakina ana ngā taura e te raro pakari mai i te maturuturunga iho, te hinganga rānei o ngā rauemi.
• Ngā ara e pāngia ana e te ahi, e tautokona ana te wehewehenga e te hanganga papa-totoka me ngā hipoki me ngā ārai

Ngā whakaaro hē noa

"Ka taea e te arawhata te mahi i ngā mea katoa ka taea e te paepae." Kāore rawa. He pai ngā arawhata me ngā taura hiko engari kāore e taea te pupuri - ka tae te puehu, te paru me ngā maturuturu ki te , ā,ngā taura whakahaere itika piko pea i waenga i ngā kaupae ki te kore e tautokona tonutia.

"He kaha ake te paepae i te arawhata." Ko te ritenga kē te mea e tika ana mō ia taumaha. Ko te anga rite ki te anga whakarunga o te arawhata ka hiki i ngā kawenga teitei ake i ngā whāititanga roa atu i te paepae papa-papa o te rauemi ōrite.

"Ko te tikanga o te raro pakari ka noho mātao tonu ngā taura." Kāo. Ka mau te wera i ngā paepae raro-totoka; nā konei tonu i puta ai ngā ture ōwehenga whakakī IEC me NEMA. Mena he nui te wera o te ara, ko te arawhata tuwhera, ko te paepae poka hauhautanga pai rānei te whiringa haumaru ake.

"Ka taea e koe te whakaranu noa i a rātou." Ka taea e koe, me ngā whakaiti me ngā urutau, ā, he maha ngā kaupapa e whakamahi ana - ka whakamahia pea e te tipu he arawhata mō āna whāngai hiko me ngā paepae poka mō āna ara iahiko whakahaere. Ko te mea nui ko te tautuhi i ia wāhanga mō ngā mea e mau ana i a ia, me te tiki i ngā taputapu whakawhiti mai i te kaihanga kotahi kia mau tonu ai te pūnaha i runga i te miihini me te hiko.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakatakotoranga

He māmā noa te ture whiriwhiri: waiho mā te taura e whakatau. Ko ngā taura hiko taumaha i runga i ngā whānui roa me te wera hei whakaheke i te hiko e tohu ana ki tētahi arawhata taura. Ko te maha o ngā taura iti e hiahia ana ki te pupuri me te tiaki e tohu ana ki tētahi pūnaha momo paepae. Nā te mea me tutuki i ngā whānau e rua ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau me ngā tuhinga kotahi - NEMA VE 1, IEC 61537, me ngā ripanga kawenga kua whakaputaina me ngā tiwhikete rauemi - he rite te hiranga o ngā tuhinga hangarau a te kaiwhakarato ki te momo hua.

Mā ngā kaihanga e hanga ana i ngā whānau e rua ki te paerewa kotahi, me ngā taputapu ōrite me ngā tuhinga katoa, ka māmā ake te whakatau: ka tohua te pūnaha hei oma kotahi, ā, ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i te paepae me te arawhata ka mahia i ia wāhanga, i ia wāhanga, i runga i ngā take hangarau, kaua i runga i te tikanga.