Nta bizamini by'ibidukikijesisitemu yo gushyigikira insingauko inyanja ibigenza. Ku rubuga rwo mu nyanja, FPSO, cyangwa uruganda rutunganya inkombe, ikirere cyuzuyemo umunyu, ubushuhe, kandi akenshi gishyuha; inyubako zirahinda kandi zigenda; kandi ingaruka zo kwangirika kw'inkunga ku muyoboro w'amazi zipimwa mu gutakaza umusaruro n'ingaruka z'umutekano, ntabwo ari ikiguzi cyo gusana. Shanghai Qinkai Industrial Co., Ltd., uruganda rukora sisitemu za NEMA zisanzwe zo gushyiramo insinga n'urwego rw'insinga, ivuga ko imishinga yo mu mazi n'iyo mu nyanja ari yo ishingiye cyane ku bipimo byayo: abaguzi baho ntibasaba "insinga" - basaba urwego rw'ibikoresho, sisitemu yo gusiga, icyiciro cyo kwangirika, n'inyandiko zigaragaza ibyo bitatu.
“Inkombe, agasanduku k’insinga akenshi ni ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi. Mu nyanja, ni igice cy’ingenzi mu mutekano w’inganda mu ngamba zo kwangirika,” iyi sosiyete yagize iti mu itangazo. “Inyanja ntibabarira inzira y’ubusamo. Abakiriya bacu bo mu mazi bagaragaza sisitemu zishyushye za galvanised cyangwa stainless steel hamwe n’amakuru y’umutwaro yatangajwe, kandi bagenzura raporo y’imvange mbere yo gusuzuma ibyoherejwe.”
Ni iki gituma ikirere cyo mu mazi gitandukanye
Imitekerereze y’ubuhanga itangirira ku bidukikije. Ibirere byo mu mazi bishyirwa mu byiciro byangiza cyane ku gipimo cya ISO 12944 — icyiciro cya C5-M cy’uturere tw’inkombe n’inyanja dufite umunyu mwinshi, aho CX igenewe gusakara cyane mu nyanja. Uburyo butatu butuma habaho kwangirika:
Umunyu ushyirwa mu kirere. Uduce tw'umunyu duturuka mu kirere twicara ku byuma, kandi iyo hari ubushuhe, dukora electrolyte ikomeye yibasira zinc n'icyuma.
Gutosesha mu buryo bw'ikirere. Inyubako zo mu nyanja zigenda zinyura mu buryo bw'amazi n'ubwumye buri gihe - kujugunya amazi, imvura, gushonga kw'amazi n'ibihu by'umunyu - kandi buri rugendo rwihutisha ingese ku byangiritse byo gutwikira no ku nkengero z'aho byaciwe.
Imiterere ya Chloride. Chloride yibasira irangi rya galvanised na carbone steel vuba cyane kurusha imyuka ihumanya ikirere, niyo mpamvu ingano y'irangi n'uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa, atari igihe cyo gushyira irangi mu mwanya waryo, ari byo bigena ubuzima bw'imikorere yaryo.
Ingaruka zifatika ni uko sisitemu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu gushyiramo ibyuma byumye mu nzu zidafite aho zihuriye n'ibipimo by'amazi. Imishinga ikoresha ibyuma bishyushye bikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye nk'uko biteganywa na EN ISO 1461 cyangwa ASTM A123, cyangwa ku byuma bitagira umugese - akenshi ubwoko bwa 316 - ku bikoresho bigezweho cyane no ku bikoresho aho uburyo bwo kubibungabunga burambye ari buke.
Platforme zihamye n'izindi topside za FPSO
Ku mbuga zihoraho zo mu mazi no mu nganda zikora ibikoresho birebire, sisitemu yo gushyigikira insinga ni yo sisitemu y'imitsi y'umutungo.Insinga z'amashanyaraziIbikoresho byo gutunganya amashanyarazi, gukanda, na gari ya moshi zo gupompa; insinga z'ibikoresho n'izigenzura zitwara ibimenyetso byo kugenzura imikorere, sisitemu z'umutekano, no gufunga byihutirwa. Zombi zinyura mu nzira nini kandi nyinshi zinyura mu bice byo hejuru aho umwanya utangwa na milimetero.
Ibisabwa bitatu byiganjemo ibipimo byo hejuru. Icya mbere, guhumeka: ahantu hakorerwa ubushyuhe hatanga ubushyuhe, kandi imiterere y’ibikoresho byiza byo gushyiramo ibikoresho n’urwego rw’ingazi ituma insinga zikoresha ingufu zigabanya ubushyuhe mu gihe buri nsinga igaragara kandi ishobora gukurikizwa kugira ngo igenzurwe. Icya kabiri, ubuziranenge bwa mekanike: sisitemu igomba gufata umutwaro wayo ugenwe munsi y’uburyo urubuga rukora, guhindagura kw’ibikoresho bizenguruka, n’imiterere y’urukuta ubwarwo - niyo mpamvu imbonerahamwe z’imitwaro zasohotse kuri buri bugari, urwego rw’igorofa, n’intera yo gushyigikira ari ngombwa cyane aho kuba uburyo bworoshye bwo korohereza abantu gukoresha kataloge. Icya gatatu, ibikoresho: inkunga y’insinga zo hejuru mu gace k’aho amazi anyura n’ahantu hakorerwa ubushyuhe igaragazwa cyane mu cyuma cya 316 kitagira umugese cyangwa icyuma gishyushye, bitewe n’ubwenge bw’umukoresha, aho ibikoresho bitagira umugese bikundwa aho uburyo bwo kubungabunga bugoye cyangwa aho inkuta zikoreshwa n’umuriro n’ibisasu bigomba kwinjirwamo neza.
Amato n'amato yo gufasha mu mazi
Amato n'amato yo mu mazi yongeraho ubundi buryo butandukanye: icyemezo. Sisitemu zo gushyigikira insinga zishyirwa ku mato yo mu bwoko butandukanye zikurikiza amategeko y'ishyirahamwe rishinzwe gushyira mu byiciro - DNV, ABS, Lloyd's Register muri zo - kandi ishyirwaho rigomba kuba rikurikiranwa n'ibikoresho n'ibishushanyo byemewe. Ahantu hakorerwa ubwato kandi hahuza gutigita guhoraho, inzira zinyura mu byumba bya moteri n'ahantu hatekiniki, hamwe n'ibikenewe by'uburyo bushobora guhindurwa mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'amazi nta bikorwa byihariye bikorerwa mu bwato.
Kubera izo mpamvu, imikorere y'ubwato ikunda icyuma gipfundikiye, gikubiswe mbere kandisisitemu z'urwegoifite urwego rwuzuye rw'ibipimo - imigozi, imigozi, imiyoboro, ibigabanya, n'ibice bisohoka - bityo inzira ishobora kongera gushyirwaho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bisanzwe n'ibikoresho by'intoki. Ingano nto n'uburebure bw'ibice bishobora gusobanurwa ni ingenzi kimwe n'imikorere ya ruswa, kuko umwanya uri mu mwanya wa tekiniki w'ubwato uba muto kurusha uruganda urwo ari rwo rwose rwo ku nkombe.
Umuyaga wo mu nyanja
Ibikoresho by'umuyaga byo mu mazi byongerera amategeko amwe yo kwangirika ku rwego rukura vuba. Iminara, ibice by'impinduka, na sitasiyo zo mu mazi biri mu kirere kimwe cya C5-M nk'ibikoresho bya peteroli na gazi, ariko hamwe n'ibindi bintu bibiri bisabwa: imitungo ntabwo ikoreshwa n'abayikoresha, bityo amadirishya yo kubungabunga ni magufi kandi arahenze, kandi insinga - insinga zo mu bwoko bwa voltage iciriritse, insinga zo kohereza amashanyarazi hanze, hamwe na sisitemu zo kugenzura na SCADA - zigomba gukomeza kuba iz'ukuri ku gihe cyo gushushanya turbine nta gutabara kenshi.
Ingaruka z’ibisobanuro ni uko abantu bakunda cyane insinga zitagira umugese mu duce twa nacelle n’uduce duhinduka, aho sisitemu zishyushye zikoreshwa mu mazi zikemerwa ahantu hadakunze kugaragara cyane, ndetse no gucunga insinga zikomeza gutunganya neza ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi binyuze mu minara iremereye. Uko umuyaga ugenda urushaho kwiyongera mu nkombe no mu buryo bunini, abakora amashanyarazi barimo gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyigikira insinga zikoresha peteroli na gazi mu rwego rwahoze rukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo ku nkombe - abatanga serivisi zo kuzenguruka bareba neza.
Ahantu ho gupakira amato, ibyambu, n'ibigo by'inkombe
Si amato yose yo mu mazi akoreshwa mu by’ubwubatsi. Amato yubaka kandi agasana ayo mato mu gihe cy’inyanja iri hanze; ibyambu bikora ibikoresho biremereye byo guterura, uburyo bwo gufata amakontena, n’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ingufu ku nkombe mu kirere cyuzuyemo umunyu; inganda zikuraho umunyu n’ibikoresho byo gutunganya inkombe bikoresha uburyo bw’amashanyarazi buhoraho mu metero uvuye ku nyanja. Izi nyubako zihoraho zo ku nkombe zisangiye uburyo bwo kwangirika mu nkombe nta ngengo y’imari y’inkombe ku bikoresho bidasanzwe, ibi bikaba ari byo bitanga isoko rinini ry’uburyo bwo gushyiramo ingufu zishyushye.
Ku mishinga yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ku cyambu, ibyuma bitwara amashanyarazi mu bwato, n'imishinga yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ku cyambu,Agasanduku k'insinga ka HDGna sisitemu z'urwego nk'uko biteganywa na EN ISO 1461 bitanga ubuzima busabwa ku giciro gito cyane ugereranyije n'igiciro cya "stainless franging" - iyo "coating" ifite ubunini buhagije, "fittings" zifite "specification" imwe nk'iy'ibice bigororotse, kandi impera zo mu murima zigashyirwamo "zinc" nyinshi. Isoko rimwe ni ingenzi aha: iyo "couplers", "fittings", n'ibishyigikizo biturutse ku murongo umwe n'agasanduku, ubwiza bwa "coating" buba bumwe mu gihe cyose, kandi intege nke zigaragara ku mbuga zivanze n'abacuruzi zirashira.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye no kurangiza
Ku bahanga bagena uburyo insinga zikoreshwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi zikoreshwa, ubuyobozi bwa Qinkai bugabanya ibyemezo bine:
Huza urwego n'agace kagaragaramo. Bika icyuma cya stainless Type 316 mu duce twa splash, ahantu hakorerwa isuku, n'ibikoresho bidafite abapilote aho kubungabunga bigoye; koresha icyuma gishyushye cya galvanized nk'uko EN ISO 1461 cyangwa ASTM A123 ibivuga mu duce twa inkombe n'ikirere; shyira sisitemu za electro-galvanized na irangi kure y'imiterere y'inyanja burundu.
Tekereza kuri galvanic corruption. Iyo icyuma kitagira umugese na aluminiyumu, cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese na karuboni, bihujwe mu kirere cyuzuyemo umunyu, corruption ya bimetallic ishobora kwangiza icyuma kitari cyiza cyane. Garagaza ibikoresho bihuye cyangwa itandukanyirizo ry’ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe kuri buri gice cy’urukuta, harimo n’ibifunga n’udupfunyika.
Rinda buri gice cyose cyaciwe n'icyashara. Impera zaciwe n'imyobo yatobowe niho ingese yo mu mazi itangirira. Uburinzi bwa HDG burinda icyuma kuri izi ngingo, kandi irangi ryo gusana rifite zinc rigomba gushyirwa aho irangi ryangiritse aho riherereye.
Saba inyandiko. Imbonerahamwe z'imizigo, raporo z'ubugari bw'ibirahure, n'ibyemezo by'ibikoresho ni itandukaniro riri hagati ya sisitemu igenwa n'umukino. Mu mishinga yo mu mazi, raporo y'ibirahure igenzurwa neza nk'uko isahani y'insinga ubwayo igenzurwa.
Amahame agenga uburyo insinga zo mu mazi zikoreshwa
Imiterere y’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibipimo by’urupapuro rw’insinga zo mu mazi n’izo mu mazi irahuye mu turere twose: IEC 61537 ikubiyemo ibisabwa mu isuzuma no gushyira ikimenyetso ku rupapuro rw’insinga n’urwego rw’urwego; EN ISO 1461 na ASTM A123 bigenga irangi rishyushye rikozwe mu mazi; ISO 12944 isobanura ibyiciro by’ingufu zituma ibikoresho bitoranywa; NEMA VE 1 na VE 2 bishimangira imikorere ya Amerika y’Amajyaruguru; kandi amategeko agenga sosiyete yo gushyira mu byiciro yongeraho urundi rwego ku bwato n’ibikoresho bireremba. Imishinga irushaho gusaba ko ibi byose byavuzwe haruguru byandikwa kuri buri kintu cyose cyoherejwe - akabari gasukura abatanga serivisi badashobora gutanga amakuru y’imitwaro ashingiye ku igeragezwa.
Ikizamini cyo gutanga amasoko
Imiterere ya buri gice cy’amazi ni imwe: ibipimo bigenwa n’abahanga mu by’ingufu n’abafite imitungo mbere yuko rwiyemezamirimo w’amashanyarazi ashyirwaho, kandi abatanga ibicuruzwa batsinda ni abashobora kwandika urwego rw’ibikoresho, imikorere yo gusiga, n’ibipimo by’umutwaro nta gushidikanya. “Isanduku y’insinga yo mu mazi igurwa rimwe ikagenzurwa mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo,” iyi sosiyete yagize iti. “Twubaka iyacu ku buryo buri igenzura risanga ikintu kimwe: sisitemu yanditse, ikora neza ibyo ibipimo byasezeranyijwe.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-02-2026